字神帝國英語天地

以下題型是GMAT較典型的閱讀題型，在考試中的出題頻率很大，大家快來掌握這些題型特點、解題思路，提升自己閱讀的正確率囉！

題型一：主要觀點題
主要觀點題是需要考生發現並找出文章中作者的主要觀點或寫作的主要目的，換言之，這些題目所要考察的是你能否找出作者的觀點，目的和意圖，因此很多考 生在閱讀時不能將整篇文章進行系統的理解，而是“只見樹，不見林”，因此這類題型要求考生需要具備從文章的細枝末節中找出更具系統的觀點來。考生需要在讀 完整篇文章之後，需要在大腦中將文章的主題和作者的觀點意圖系統的記錄下來。一般來講，每篇文章都會有至少一個主要觀點，也即文章主題，關鍵是如何找出記 錄整篇文章的主要觀點來，因為很多文章並沒有闡明主題或主要觀點，這就需要考生從總體上去把握文章細節的東西。另外考生應對主要觀點的提問方法有所瞭解， 主要觀點題的一般問法如下：
1、Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage？
2、Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage？
3、The main idea of the passage is that……？

一般來講，主要觀點題在解題過程中需要考生注意的是，如果答案的某一個選項只是涉及了一個人，事件，或一個具體的觀點（而非主要觀點），那麼考生這時 應該注意該選項不是主要觀點題的最佳選項。例如短文中有一半以上的內容是對兩種現象的比較，而在主要觀點題中的答案卻忽略了對兩種現象的比較，那麼該答案 選項就過於狹窄，因此不能被列入最佳答案。在遇到主要觀點題時，考生只需做的是通過文章理解與領會作者的意圖與觀點，而不是讓自己的理解超越作者的意圖。

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題型二：細節理解題
這類題型主要考察考生對細節資訊的處理能力，具體上說，這類題型所給出的五個選項中總會有一個選項在文章的某處被提及或未被提及過，我們建議考生在閱 讀文章的過程中，記錄下一個簡明的題綱，這樣可以幫助你很快找到所需的資訊。只要文章中出現了列舉，那麼我們就可以將列舉處的資訊記錄下來。另外考生在這 裡會出現一個認識誤區，即認為有關文章的列舉資訊或內容，答案會逐字重複文中的列舉內容，然而選項通常不會與文章的內容一模一樣，選項給出的內容只是對文 中列舉的內容進行的解釋和說明或著說是改寫。為更好的讓考生進行理解，請看下例：

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult:sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory.Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancientGreece.
All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT

(A) partial completeness
(B) restricted accessibility
(C) difficulty of interpretation
(D) limited quantity
(E) tendency toward contradiction

本題的出題點針對文中的斜體劃線部分的文字內容，本題選項中提及了與文中舉例部分不相關的內容，從而混淆了考生識別文章段落資訊的能力，象本題一樣， 我們可以將四個選項與文中的四個列舉對應起來，剩下的那個選項則為我們要選的正確答案。（A）partial completeness=fragmentary;(C) difficulty of interpretation=difficult to interpret; (D) limited quantity=restricted in number; (E) tendency toward contradiction=often contradictory.因此我們可以從中得出結論，只有B選項在文中沒有對應的內容。

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題型三：推斷解釋題
這類題型要求考生從文章的具體細節資訊中得出推斷或對文章的細節內容進行解釋。在推斷解釋題型裡有些答案選項給出的是一個十分武斷的結論，而我們在文 章中找不出有關該結論的根據，這時候極有可能出題機構引用了文章以外的材料，或者誇大或歪曲了作者的的推斷。通常情況下，作者在文章的推論過程體現在文章 中會將多個不同的事物聯繫起來或從語言形式上會將多個句子連貫在一起。

例：Ironically, it wasHandsomeLakewho can be credited with reviving the Iroquois culture.Lake, the alcoholic half-brother of Seneca Cornplanter, perhaps the most outspoken proponent among the Iroquois for assimilation of white customs and institutions, was a former member of the Great Council of Iroquois nations. Inspired by a near-death vision in 1799, Lake established a new religion among the Iroquois which tied the more useful aspects of Christianity to traditional Indian beliefs and customs.
Among the following reasons, it is most likely that the author considers Handsome Lake’s leading a revival of the Iroquois culture to be“ironic”because

(A) he was a former member of the Great Council
(B) he was not a full-blooded relative of Seneca Cornplanter
(C) he was related by blood to a chief proponent of assimilation
(D) Seneca Cornplanter wasLake’s alcoholic half-brother
(E) His religious beliefs conflicted with traditional Iroquois beliefs.

在文章，作者使用“Ironically”作為段落的開頭，而該題目針對這“Ironically”進行發問，透過文章，我們可以知道 “Cornplanter was an outspoken proponent of assimilation and that Handsome Lake was related to Cornplanter as a half-brother.”既然Cornplanter是吸收白人文化及制度的積極宣導者和支持著，而Handsome Lake與Cornplanter是half-brother的關係，因此，只能說有關”Lake was responsible fro the Iroquois reasserting their national identity”這個事實是具有諷刺意味的。

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題型四：寫作意圖題
該題型主要考察考生對文章中具體細節資訊的功能與目的的識別能力，很多考生往往在閱讀中總是被細節部分的內容本身所糾纏，而忽略了作者運用這些細節內 容的理由。在閱讀時，理解作者提出某些內容的意圖要比記住這些內容本身更重要，有些寫作意圖題作者在文章中並沒有說出他提出某個內容是為了支援某個主張或 為了某種意圖，遇到此種情況，考生需要自己推斷這些目的或是意圖。

例：Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as“a duel without rules, a delicate rape.”Such metaphors contrast quite sharply with Richard Avedon’s conception of a sitting. While Cartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, Avedon confesses---perhaps uncomfortably---to a role as diagnostician and (by implication) psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature.
The author of the passage quotes Cartier-Bresson in order to
(A) refute Avedon’s conception of a portrait sitting
(B) provide one perspective of the portraiture encounter
(C) support the claim that portrait sittings are, more often than not, confrontational encounters
(D) show that a portraiture encounter can be either brief or extended
(E) distinguish a sitting for a photographic portrait from a sitting for a painted portrait.

在文中，作者指出了Cartier-Bresson的觀點與Avedon觀點不同，因而我們可以從文中提供的兩種觀點來判定出本題的正確選項為 （B），作者援引Cartier-Bresson的目的是為了引出有關創作肖像作品時的另外一種“畫者與被畫者”之間新的互動觀點。