字神帝國英語天地

GMAT考試很多同學都在忙著準備作文，也知道GMAT作文要常用修辭。今天就來跟大家介紹【關於類比的修辭手法（強調作用）】。

GMAT作文是立論文，也就是說，我們需要用理由或例子去支援自己的觀點。在英語中有個單詞叫comparable，直譯的話是可比較的，其實它等同 於similar(相似的)這個單詞，因為在西方文化中，只有相似的東西才具有可比較性。因此相似性也就成為了整個類比關係的前提和基礎。

類比(Analogy)在上述提到的五種論據方法中是最有邏輯性的，使用得當可以省力又出彩地證明觀點。它有點像中學時代所學的幾何題，解題的關鍵不 在論證的過程，而是添加一條輔助線。只要找到合適的輔助線，論證就是水到渠成的事了。當我們想論證一個抽象複雜的命題A——B 時，我們可以選擇一個具體形象並且不需要證明的——D來作為輔助線，然後就把原本複雜的A——B的論證過程替代為論述AB和CD之間的相似性就可以了。這 裡需要指出的是，所謂具體形象且不需要證明的CD其實指的就是事實或常識。所以類比關係建立的難點就在與選擇合適的CD。我們來看個例子：

The Negro has callus growing on his soul and it's getting harder and harder to hurt him there. That's simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that's too tight. The foot is nature's and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later， if you don't take the shoe off， a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe。

It's the same with the Negro in America. That shoe—the white man's system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it almost destroyed him. But it didn't. And now a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him， too， that callus is going to wear out that system。

很顯然在這段GMAT考試文字中，作者想證明的是全文第二段的最後一句話：And now a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him， too， that callus is going to wear out that system。(現在黑人的靈魂中已經產生了老繭，除非白人的統治體系能調整適合他們，否則老繭將使這個體系土崩瓦解。) 簡而言之，黑人終將衝破白人統治，這就是通用的GMAT考試技巧。