分詞構句:尤其是逗點後的VING
因為種類多(至少三種),用法與其邏輯主語不同,所以常造成作題的困難。
今天,我們來解析一下第一類
分詞構句功用 1:表示主詞 同時 or 後續動作
例句:Olivia sits in an armchair, reading a book.
註:這句看似很容易,但大伙要注意的是逗點後的VING的邏輯主語,也就是誰作VING的動作,上句句意也很清楚就是OLIVIA 作reading的動作。好簡單哦,不過等等,大伙用文法分析,會發現一個重要的事實
逗點後的VING的邏輯主語,不是逗點正前面的名詞。
例如下句:
William shouted at the bus driver, trembling with rage.
這句就更要注意了,大家覺得誰是trembling with rage的邏輯主語。沒錯,就是William,而不是bus driver
所以逗點後的VING分詞構句第一類:S + V + O, Ving…. :S 為 Ving的邏輯主語
我們來看OG的這題,為何選項(C)不能選。
The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook, (by whom they were named supposedly because its) sheer wet rocks glistened like glass.
(C) naming them supposedly since their
(D) who so named them supposedly because their
解析:
選項(C):,naming 所以邏輯主語,不是逗點正前面的James Cook,而是主詞Mountains了。山不會命名,所以語義出錯。所以必需選(D)。
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我們來看OV的這題
In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances (for their employees’ paychecks, assigned by them) to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees’ paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
解析:
選項(C):, having逗點後的VING第一類邏輯主語為主詞governments。語義變成政府被指派去聯合國了,語義出錯,所以不能選。
選項(A):, assigned逗點後的PP邏輯主語為逗點正前方的名詞paychecks。語義變成薪資被指派去聯合國了,語義出錯,所以不能選。
選項(B):who 關代先行詞為employees,員工被指派去聯合國,是正確語義。所以為正解。
所以來下個重要結語:
- 逗點後的VING第一類 :主詞為 Ving的邏輯主語
- 與其它逗點後的形容詞修飾語(PP, who, which, 介片,同位語等)不同。
其它逗點後的形容詞修飾語,是會修飾逗點正前面的名詞。
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