今日主題：Messenger bird from the past 歷史上的信使
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/62.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello I’m Callum and this is 6 Minute English. With me today is Neil, hello Neil.
大家好，我是Callum，六分鐘英語又和大家見面了，今天我的搭檔是Neil，你好，Neil。
Hi Callum
你好，Callum。
In today’s programme we’re going to be looking at an interesting story of war, secret messages, codes and …
今天的節目中我們將討論一個有趣的故事，關於戰爭、密電、代碼，還有......
And, and what?
還有什麼？
Pigeons.
鴿子。
Pigeons?
鴿子？
Yes, pigeons.
對，鴿子。
Those birds that are everywhere in London?
就是那些在倫敦隨處可見的鳥嗎？
That’s it.
對啊。
Well, what do they have to do with war, secret messages and codes?
那他們和戰爭、密電還有代碼有什麼關係呢？
Well, we’ll find out after today’s question. A question about codes. Who is the first person recorded using written codes to keep his or her communications secret? Was it Roman emperor, Julius Caesar, English king, Harold or Egyptian pharaoh, Tutankhamun?
嗯，通過今天的問題我們就能夠找到答案了。今天的問題是關於代碼。在歷史記載中，誰是第一個使用代碼來保證通信機密的人？是羅馬帝皇Julius Caesar，英國國王Harold，還是埃及法老Tutankhamun？
I have no idea whatsoever. So I’m going to go for the English king, Harold. For no reason at all.
這我可真不知道。我就選英國國王Harold吧，純粹是瞎猜的。
OK. We’ll find out if you’re right at the end of the programme. Now, back to the pigeons.
好的，我們會在節目最後揭曉答案，看看你是不是答對了。現在我們回到鴿子的問題上。
Yes, I am intrigued.
好的，我對這個很感興趣。
It all started when a man was cleaning out the chimney of his house in the south of England. In the rubbish from the chimney he found a pigeon’s leg. Attached to the leg was a small container and inside the container was a message written in code.From details on the paper it was clear this was a military message from the Second World War.
這起源於英國南部，一個人在清理他房子的煙囪時，從煙囪的廢墟裡發現了一隻鴿子腿，腿上綁著一個小容器，容器裡面是一個用代碼寫成的資訊。從紙上的具體資訊來看很顯然是二戰時期的軍事資訊。
Were birds really used to carry messages during the Second World War?
二戰的時候鳥真的用來傳遞消息嗎？
Well here’s BBC security correspondent Gordon Corera answering that question and also explaining why. What reason does he give?
下面是BBC安全記者Gordon Corera的回答，以及他對該問題的解釋。他給出的理由是什麼呢？
There were important messages carried by pigeon. Particularly, the theory is, that this might have been an army unit, in Europe, on the move,and it was on the move and basically it was moving so fast it couldn’t put up an aerial for a wireless transmission to be sent so they would quickly release a pigeon with a quick message.
確實有用鴿子傳遞的重要資訊。特別是在歐洲，當一個軍事單位在行軍過程中會用到，當軍隊在快速行進中無法架設天線進行無線通訊時，他們就會放一隻鴿子來快速地傳遞資訊。
So why would they use a pigeon, rather than the radio?
那他們為什麼要用鴿子，而不用無線廣播設備呢？
He says that when an army unit was moving fast they might not have had time to put up an aerial and it would have been quicker just to release a pigeon with a message. Of course pigeons can be trained to fly back to a particular place.
他說軍隊在快速行進中沒有時間架設天線，而用鴿子來傳遞消息會更快捷。當然，鴿子能夠通過訓練讓它飛回到特定的地點。
That’s right and in fact the military used over 250,000 pigeons to send messages during the Second World War.
確實如此，事實上在二戰期間，軍隊使用了超過25萬隻鴿子傳遞消息。
So what was the message that the pigeon was carrying?
那鴿子傳遞的都是什麼消息呢？
Ah, well, the truth is, they don’t know, they have no idea.
哈哈，事實是人們完全弄不清楚傳遞的消息是什麼。
What, even with all the power of modern computers and the best minds.
什麼？即使用最先進的電腦和最聰明的大腦也沒有辦法嗎？
Yes, here’s Gordon Corera again talking about the message. What word does he use to describe the process of understanding a code?
是的，Gordon Corera再次跟我們談論了該消息。他使用了什麼單詞來描述理解代碼的過程呢？
They’ve been looking for a few weeks, the truth is that it was designed not to be cracked easily.
他們花費了幾個星期來尋求答案，結果是這個代碼並不容易破解。
What word does he use, Neil?
Neil，他用了什麼詞呢？
He says the code was designed not to be ‘cracked’ easily. We use the verb ‘to crack’ when talking about codes.
他說這個代碼並不容易‘cracked’（破解）。當我們說到代碼時，會用‘to crack ’這個動詞。
So, the code is designed not be cracked easily. Let’s hear a little bit more about what kind of code it might be. Here’s more from the BBC’s Gordon Corera who mentions one of the ways this code might have been created.
所以這個代碼不容易破解，那我們再來深入瞭解一下這個代碼吧。BBC記者Gordon Corera提到了創建這一代碼的一種方法，我們一起聽聽關於這種方法的詳細消息。
One is using something called a one-time pad which is a technique where you apply a random key to a code and if you keep that secure and it’s truly random, it is basically unbreakable.
一種方法叫做單次密本，這種技術就是你隨機創建一種破解代碼的解法，如果你將這種解法保密，那就真的變成隨機的了，而且基本上是不可破解的。
What kind of code is he talking about here?
他所說的是哪一種代碼呢？
A code created with what’s called a ‘one-time pad’. As I understand it, if you think of a code like a lock, what do you need to open a lock?
是一種被叫做‘單詞密本’的代碼。按我的理解是，如果你把一個代碼想像成一把鎖，那麼你需要什麼來開鎖呢？
Well you need a key to open a lock.
需要鑰匙來開鎖啊。
That’s right, and if you don’t have the key and there is no record of what the key was like or who made it or where it was kept, you’re going to have a problem.
對啊，如果你沒有鑰匙，而且也不知道任何關於鑰匙的資訊，不知道誰製作的，也不知道它存放在哪，那就麻煩了。
You won’t be able to open the lock.
那你就打不開鎖了。
Exactly. With a code created with a one-time pad there is only one key and it’s only used once. After that, it’s destroyed. Without the key you can’t crack the code – it’s an uncrackable or unbreakable code.
完全正確，一個通過單次密本創建的代碼，只有一把鑰匙，而且這把鑰匙只能用一次。用過之後，鑰匙就作廢了。沒有鑰匙你就無法破解代碼--這個代碼就成了不可破解的代碼了。
Gordon said that key should be random.
Gordon說破解代碼的方法是隨機的。
That’s right. If something is ‘random’, it means there is no pattern to it. It’s not predictable or repeatable. And, if the key is truly random they’ll never be able to crack the code.
對的，如果某樣東西是‘隨機的’，那就意味著它無規律可循。也無法預測或複製。所以，如果破解方法真的是隨機的，那這個代碼就真的無法破解了。
Unless they find the key! And that’s what they are hoping. Gordon Corera again. What information are they hoping to find to help them?
除非找到破解方法！這也是他們所希望的。再來聽聽Gordon Corera發回的資訊，看看他們希望找到怎樣的資訊來説明破解密碼。
What they are saying is without more contextual information, basically who the sender was who the recipient was, when it was sent and exactly the identity of the pigeon it may be impossible to crack it.
他們所說的並沒有太多的上下文資訊，基本上是說發信人是誰，收信人是誰，什麼時候發送的，以及這只鴿子的確切身份，這些基本上都無法破解。
So what extra information are they looking for?
那麼他們還在尋找什麼其他的資訊呢？
They really need to find out who sent the pigeon, to whom it was sent and even the identity of the pigeon itself. That information might help them locate the key.
他們需要找出是誰放飛了這只鴿子，是放給誰的，甚至確定出這只鴿子的身份。這些資訊能夠説明他們找到破解方法。
So I guess for the time being, the pigeon message will remain a mystery.
所以我想，短期內信鴿的消息仍是一個謎。
Well, perhaps not.
嗯，那也不一定。
What do you mean?
怎麼說呢？
Well a man in Canada heard this story and he thinks he’s got the code book to crack the message and he says it a much simpler code than has been thought.
一位加拿大人聽到了這個故事，他認為他找到了破解這個消息的代碼書，並表示這個代碼比人們想像中的要簡單的多。
Really?
真的嗎？
But unfortunately, we don’t have time to go into that now, but there is a link to the story on our webpage.
但，遺憾的是，我們沒時間深入探討這個問題了，但在我們的網站上會有相關連結。
Time now for the answer to the question. Who is the first person recorded using written codes to keep his or her communications secret? Neil, you said:
現在是揭曉答案的時候了。誰是第一個使用代碼來保證通信機密的人？Neil,你的答案是：
I said King Harold in England.
我說的是英國國王Harold。
And the correct answer is actually Emperor Julius Caesar. And there’s in fact a Caesar Cipher, which is a kind of code which is attributed to Julius Caesar. It’s a very simple one actually, that each letter is just moved three places along. So, instead of writing ‘A’, he wrote ‘D’. And instead of writing ‘B’ it would have been ‘E’. So perhaps not a particularly difficult code to crack.These days, anyway. Well, that’s all from us today. Thank you very much Neil, goodbye.
其實正確答案是羅馬帝皇Julius Caesar.事實上有一種凱瑟密碼，這種解碼是Julius Caesar發明的。實際上這是一種非常簡單的代碼，每一個字母都依次向後延續了3個字母的位置。也就是， ‘A’用‘D’代替，‘B’要用‘E’代替。所以或許這並不是一個多難破解的代碼。不管怎樣，今天我們的節目要告一段落了。感謝Neil的來參加今天的節 目。我們下次見。
Goodbye.
再見。
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