誰說GMAT閱讀是最難準備的科目?
告訴大家!其實GMAT的文章都是有一定的「規格」唷,只要釐清文章結構跟干擾句子,GMAT閱讀真的沒有那麼難!
今天就來跟大家分享:【GMAT閱讀重點-插入語介紹】
--------------------------------------------
☭ 非限制性形容詞子句相當於插入語的功能
例句:How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were-reptiles or birds are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.
解析:非限制性形容詞子句與限制性形容詞子句的一個區別在於非限制性形容詞子句中和先行詞之間只有比較鬆散的關係,出現在句中也是用逗號隔開,具有插入語的功能。我們先將插入部分略過不讀,很容易發現這是一個疑問句。特殊疑問詞為how much和what,從本句還能看出插入語的處理是非常靈活的,句中的reptiles or birds也可以看成插入成分。非限制性形容詞子句作插入語比較特殊的是弄清句子結構之後再回頭看時,要與先行詞緊密對應。但是這只限於非限制性形容詞子句出現在句中的情況下,如果出現在句尾,就不能當作插入語。
--------------------------------------------
☭ As引導的短語或句子作插入語
例句:The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City,bto make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, bto make it relatively easy.
解析:這個GMAT閱讀句子中出現的兩處插入語都表示舉例,插入語後面接不定式表目的。本句中的as後接的是介系詞片語,插入語比較短,有時候as會引導一個句子,用來分散考生注意力。先把兩處插入語省略掉,句子變成The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations to make it relatively easy.這樣一來,either or 表示的並列結構就很清晰了。
--------------------------------------------
☭ 介系詞片語作插入語
例句:Now Congress, in apparent agreement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government.
解析:GMAT考試插入語出現在主詞之後,把主詞和動詞分隔開來,這種插入語其實也可以和其他成分連接在一起,用插入語的形式表現出來反而更分明一些。雖然插入語會使得考生思路被打斷,分散注意力,但在這種情況下它能成為一種信號,告訴考生這裡可以暫時不讀,對句子結構的理解不造成任何影響。本句的難點在於過去分詞作形容詞,例如business awarded federal contracts和forms filed with the government.
--------------------------------------------
☭ 複雜名詞結構作插入語
例句:Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of America in 1492—new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century.
解析:如果句中插入名詞一般會視為同位語對待,但是同位語不會設置得如此複雜,而且起到進一步解釋說明的作用,本句的插入語不同於一般用兩個逗號隔開的情況,而是用兩個小橫線進行提示,作用相同。先把這部分複雜名詞去掉,句子結構頓時豁然開朗,無非就是between…and的結構形式。這種情況下名詞的出現也經常使用從句和多種修飾成分,所謂的“句子套句子”。這個句子中的插入語首先是or 連接的並列結構,而兩個結構又不是平行的,前半句使用子句,後半句用of的結構,實際上不過就是用這個複雜成分來表示一個大致的數字,這些GMAT考試介紹大家要注意。
GMAT閱讀中,構成插入語的成分可以是單詞、片語或是句子,用來補充含義或作出一些解釋,把插入語從原文中抽取出來,句子結構不會發生變化。如果插入語過長,我們可以先略過這部分,等從整體上把握句意之後再回頭看插入部分的內容。
留言列表