字神帝國英語天地

 
 今日主題：Needle Exchange Programs Now Get Fed Support  針具交換方案得到聯邦政府支持

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160122sa_science.mp3
 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
 中英文稿：
In 1988 the U.S. government instituted a ban on federal funding for needle exchange programs for people who inject street drugs. Here’s a quote from an article in the July 1998 issue of Scientific American on HIV prevention:
1988年，美國政府禁止使用聯邦基金用於資助街頭吸毒者的針具交換計畫。以下是從1998年7月科學美國人關於預防HIV報導的節選：

“Access to clean needles can help protect those still using injection drugs. Exchange programs, despite the controversies they elicit, have been shown to lower the risk of viral infection in many studies worldwide. Six U.S. government–funded studies have found that needle exchanges help to reduce HIV transmission without leading to greater drug use.”
使用乾淨的針頭可以保護採取藥物注射的人們。儘管針頭交換項目，引起爭議，但是，在全球許多研究中都表明這種作法可以降低病毒傳染。由美國政府資助的6項研究表明，針頭交換有助於減少愛滋病傳播，防止毒品擴大範圍使用。

Later in the same piece: “Fears of encouraging drug abuse have proved unfounded: many studies have shown that needle availability does not increase the use of illegal drugs.”
同一篇報導：“濫用藥物導致的恐慌是沒有根據的：許多研究表明針頭並不會增加濫用非法藥物。”

The article was written by AIDS experts Thomas Coates and Chris Collins. I was their editor.
這篇文章是由愛滋病專家湯瑪斯科茨和克裡斯柯林斯寫。我是他們的編輯。

Now, more than a quarter century after the federal funding ban on needle exchange programs went into effect, it has quietly been almost completely lifted. A repeal of most parts of the ban was included in the major omnibus spending bill that passed at the end of 2015.
現在，在聯邦基金禁止資助針頭交換專案25多年之後，這條禁令似乎悄悄解除了。2015年底通過的綜合開支法案撤銷了此禁令的大部分。

According to Buzzfeed news reporter John Stanton, key Republican supported finally came about in response to a recent and ongoing HIV outbreak in Indiana and the decision in Kentucky in 2015 to establish its own needle exchange program.
據Buzzfeed新聞記者約翰•斯坦頓報導。2015年印第安那州愛滋病疫情爆發，以及肯塔決定建立自己的針頭交換項目，這最終得到了主要共產黨人的支援。

The reason I keep saying the ban was mostly overturned is that it’s still going to be illegal for federal money to cover the cost of the syringes themselves, presumably so members of Congress can say they’re not paying for needles. Fortunately, needles are cheap. And federal funds can now cover the other costs of needle exchange programs, such as facilities and staff. The change, though long overdue, is still welcome. As activists used to put it in the 1990s: “Dead addicts don’t recover.”
我一直在說這條禁令已基本被推翻，是因為使用聯邦基金才支付注射器費用仍舊是違法的。原因可能是國會議員會說他們沒有錢支付這些針頭吧。幸運的是，這些針頭很便宜。但是聯邦基金現在可以支付針頭交換專案的其他費用，如設備和人員的費用。雖然這些變化，來的有些晚，但仍是受歡迎的。就像在20世紀90年代，積極分子寫道的那樣：惡習難除。

備註：針頭交換專案是指的以舊的針頭換取新的針頭。