字神帝國英語天地

 
 今日主題：Crater Bottoms Could Be Cradles of Martian Life  宇宙生命的來源

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160425sa_science.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
Four billion years ago, our solar system was a very different… very violent place. "This is the time when life was just emerging on our planet." Stephen Mojzsis, a geologist at the University of Colorado, Boulder. "It's the time when most of the big scars of the craters of the moon formed."
40億年以前，我們的太陽系是一個非常不同、非常暴力的地方。“那時地球上剛開始出現生命。”斯蒂芬•莫契斯是博爾德科羅拉多大學的地質學家。“那時候月球隕石坑的多數大疤開始形成。”

Those scars are the remnants of what he calls a game of planetary billiards. And Jupiter's gravity is the big break, which sends comets and asteroids flying. "And then these things go bouncing around all over the place. Many of the directions that they go are unpredictable even if they are governed by gravity."
這些傷疤就是行星遊戲殘留物。木星引力就是一項重大的突破，導致彗星和小行星飛行。“這些小東西蹦答來蹦答去的，儘管它們受到地球引力的吸引，但是它們運行的方向仍是不可預測的。”

Mojzsis and his colleague Oleg Abramov used supercomputers to model the beat-up surface of Mars at that long-ago time. And they found that all that planetary pummeling—from tiny sand grains on up to a rocks at least 25 times as big as the one that killed off the dinos here on Earth—could have translated into enough thermal energy to cook the surface of the planet, melt the Martian ice and start up hydrothermal springs.
莫契斯和他的同事亞伯拉莫夫利用超級計算機制作了當時火星坑坑窪窪的表面模型。他們發現整個行星都受到了重創——無論是小沙粒還是像是和在地球上曾經毀滅掉恐龍的大岩石的25倍那樣大的岩石——都可以吸收足夠的熱能將星球表面迅速升溫，溶化掉火星的冰層並啟動熱液噴泉。

"And for microbial life, hydrothermal systems, also known as hot springs, it's like the free buffet bar in Vegas—everyone just rushes there. It's just lots and lots and lots of food for microbial life. And they flourish." The study is in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
而對於微生命體來講，熱液體系，又被稱為溫泉，就像是Vegas裡的免費自助餐吧——每個人僅僅是匆忙來去一下而已。只剩下好多的食物被微生命體享用。然後它們的群體就繁榮昌盛了。該研究已經發表在《地球與星球科學通訊》雜誌上。

Mojzsis has this advice for anyone hunting for alien life on Mars: stick to crater bottoms, "an area that had heat for a long time, that could drive hydrothermal activity. I do not know if life originated in such places, but I can tell you now, wherever there's a hot spring environment it's just completely jam-packed with microbes. So that's where I would look." And that happens to be where NASA's Curiosity rover is looking right now.
Mojzsis對任何想要在火星上尋找生命跡象的人有如下建議：鎖定環形山底部。那個區域可以長時間提供熱量，從而有可能驅動熱液活動。我不知道是否這樣 的地區會出現生命，但是我現在可以告訴你的是，無論哪裡只要有溫泉環境，那裡就一定有微生物紮堆。所以這就是我為什麼建議察看那裡的原因。而這也就是現在 NASA的Curiosity探測器正在尋找的地方將要出現的查看活動。