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今日主題：Homelessness in Hawaii-- Paradise lost  流浪夏威夷--失樂園

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 中英文稿：
Homelessness in Hawaii-- Paradise lost
流浪夏威夷--失樂園

Catering to tourists comes at a hefty price for locals
為迎合遊客當地人付出沉重代價

THE sun is setting on Waikiki Beach, and Koa still has a few hours before his 9 pm shift cleaning the food court at the Ala Moana mall. “ I'm trying to better myself,” he says, but being homeless makes this tough. He finishes work at 3 am, well past curfew at most shelters, and police keep people off the beach from 2 am to 5 am.
維基基海灘，日暮西沉。Koa是阿拉莫阿拉購物中心美食街的保潔，現在距他9點的換班還有幾個小時。“我試圖不斷提升自我”，Koa稱，但是無家可歸的現 狀讓這種提升舉步維艱。他結束工作一般就是淩晨3點，絕大多數的庇護所早已宵禁，淩晨2點至5點員警也不允許人們在海灘逗留。

Hawaii has one of the worst rates of homelessness in the country. Though its jobless rate is below 5%, pricey housing keeps even many workers on the streets. The median monthly rent for a two - bedroom apartment in Honolulu is more than $1,800— one of the highest in America.
夏威夷的無家可歸率在全美也是頗有名氣，是最嚴重之一。儘管該地區的失業率低於5%，但是昂貴的房價讓更多的工薪階層無家可歸。火奴魯魯兩室的商品房房租中值也超過1800美元，是美國房租最高的地區之一。

On the island of Oahu, where three - quarters of Hawaii's homeless live, sleeping rough has just got rougher. On December 2 nd Honolulu's mayor, Kirk Caldwell, signed a bill that bans people from sitting or lying on the busiest public pavements between 5 am and 11 pm. Those who do so can be fined up to $1,000 and jailed for up to 30 days. This is part of a plan that Mr Caldwell calls “ compassionate disruption ”. The aim, he says, is to get the homeless into shelters. Businesses in Waikiki, the centre of Hawaii's $14.5 billion tourism industry, support the policy.
在歐胡島，夏威夷75%無家可歸者聚集的地方，露宿變得更加艱難。12月2日，火奴魯魯市長柯克•卡德維爾簽署了一項禁令，禁止無家可歸者在早上五點至晚 上十一點這一時間段在最繁華的街道逗留。若有人違反這項規定將罰款1000美元拘留30天。這是卡德維爾所謂的“富有同情心的瓦解”計劃的一部分。他聲 稱，目的是讓無家可歸者居有定所。維基基的企業，夏威夷核心產業價值145億美元的旅遊業支持該項政策。

Similar crackdowns can be seen around the country, even as the stock of affordable housing — defined as costing no more than 30% of a family's income — declines. ( Nearly 13% has been lost since 2001.) Laws banning camping, sleeping in cars, begging and loitering in public spaces are increasingly common, according to the National Law Centre on Homelessness & ; Poverty. In the past two years, more than 20 cities have made it illegal to feed homeless people in public.
儘管經濟適用房（定義為購房款僅佔家庭收入30%的住房）的股票價格下降，類似的“鎮壓”在整個美國隨處可見（自2013年以來，將近13%的人失去自己 的房子）。根據處理無家可歸及貧困事務的國家法律中心的資訊，禁止人們在公共場所露營、以車為家、乞討、遊蕩的法律越來越常見。在過去的兩年，超過20個 城市認定在公共場所為無家可歸者提供食物為非法行為。

Such laws are counterproductive, says Jerry Jones, the director of the National Coalition for the Homeless, an advocacy group. Otherwise law - abiding people end up with criminal records, making it harder for them to get back on their feet. A night in jail can cost three times more than a night in a shelter. Honolulu's ban on rough sleeping has made the homeless more transient and harder for social - service agencies to find. Many are sleeping at the airport, ensuring that they are the first thing visitors see.
國家流浪者聯合會（一個倡導團體）的主管傑裡•瓊斯稱這樣的法律智慧產生反作用力。不然，遵紀守法的人們最終將會被逼犯罪，使他們自力更生難上加難。在監 獄裡呆一晚的花銷是庇護所的3倍。火奴魯魯有關露宿的禁令讓無家可歸者流動性更大，社會服務機構更難找到他們。許多無家可歸者誰在機場，確保他們是遊客們 最先看到的事物。

Several cities have reduced homelessness by using a different approach, called Housing First. Whereas typical schemes aim to get homeless people “ housing ready ”— that is, off drugs and in work — before placing them in homes, Housing First provides the home up front and then delivers the support needed to stay there. This saves money, says Matthew Doherty of the US Interagency Council on Homelessness, as the homeless otherwise tend to ricochet between expensive services, such as jails, emergency rooms and detox centres. A study from Los Angeles found that the public saves over $27,000 a year for every person in such a programme.
有幾個城市採用一種截然不同的措施，即“住房優先”項目來減少無家可歸人群。特定的計劃已實施從而讓無家可歸者在得到住房前具備“有房資格”，即沒有疾病 且有工作。與此同時，住房優先項目預先提供住房，之後為人們順利入住提供必要的支援。美國無家可歸者跨機構委員會的馬修•道爾蒂稱，這樣更省錢。否則，這 些無家可歸者將會在教委昂貴的服務機構間奔波，比如監獄、急診室以及戒毒中心。洛杉磯的一項研究發現在該項住房優先項目中，一人接受該項目國家將至少節省 27000美元。

Even in Hawaii, officials are taking steps towards a Housing First plan. In Honolulu, Mr Caldwell has promised $3 m to house 100 of the city's homeless and another $43 m for more housing. But the city has offered few details, and the new homes will not be ready for years. In the meantime, there is talk of sending the homeless to an encampment on nearby Sand Island — far from the tourists of Waikiki.
甚至在夏威夷，官員們也正在採取措施實施住房優先計劃。在火奴魯魯，卡德維爾承諾將為該市100個無家可歸者提供300萬美元住房基金，另支出4300萬 美元提供更多的住房。但是該市並未提供更多的細節，並且新的住房何時竣工入住也要好幾年。同時，也有人聲稱將這些無家可歸者送到鄰近沙島的露營地，那個遠 離維基基遊客視線的地方。