字神帝國英語天地

 今日主題：Genetically modified cows轉基因奶牛

 凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
 康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/48.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Jen and with me today is Neil.
大家好，歡迎大家來到今天的BBC英語學習欄目六分鍾英語，我是Jen，今天和我一起的是Neil。
Hello there.
大家好。
Today's story is all about allergies. If you have an allergy to something, your body reacts to it in a negative way. Do you have any allergies, Neil?
今天的故事是關於過敏的。如果你對什麼東西過敏的話，你的身體會以一種消極的方式反應。你有任何過敏嗎，Neil？
I get hay fever in the summer; that happens when you have an allergy to pollen from plants or trees.
我在夏天的時候有花粉症，當人對植物或樹木的花粉過敏的情況下就會發生。
And what happens when you get hay fever?
當你的花粉症犯了的時候，會發生什麼？
It's horrible. I start sneezing, and my eyes become red and itchy, my nose runs and I sometimes get a real headache.
很可怕。我開始打噴嚏，雙眼變得又紅又癢，流鼻涕，有時還會頭疼。
That doesn't sound very pleasant. Well, on today's programme we're going to be taking a look at how genetically modified food might be able to help people with allergies.
聽起來確實不討人喜歡。今天的節目中，我們將討論關於轉基因食品如何可能能夠幫助過敏體質的人。
That's quite a complicated topic!
聽起來是個很複雜的主題！
It is, but I'm going to ease you in gently with a quiz question first, to get you thinking! In what year was the first genetically modified food sold on the market. Was it? a) 1984 b) 1994 c) 2004
的確，為了讓你思考，我準備讓你輕鬆一下，來回答一個小問題。轉基因食品首次出現在超市中是哪一年？1984年1994年2004年
Well, as usual, I have no idea, so this is a guess, but I'll say… 1984.
和往常一樣，我沒主意了，乾脆猜一猜吧，我猜是1984年。
We'll find out if you're right at the end of the programme, but let's get back to our story about allergies.
在節目最後，我們看你的答案是否是正確的，但是讓我們回到關於過敏的故事。
Some allergies, like hay fever, can be described as mild. That means that you might experience some unpleasant symptoms like itchy eyes, sneezing or a rash.
一些過敏症，比如花粉症，是輕度過敏。那意味著你可能要經歷一些不舒服的症狀，比如眼睛癢，打噴嚏或出疹子。
Others, though, can be more severe, and can cause problems with breathing, or even death.
其他的症狀，可能更加嚴重一些，可能導致呼吸問題，甚至導致死亡。
Many people are allergic to a particular type of food, such as nuts or eggs, for example.
很多人對某一類食物過敏，比如堅果、雞蛋。
Very true, but did you know that cow's milk can also cause problems? Listen to the first part of this report from BBC correspondent James Gallagher. How does cow's milk affect some babies?
的確，但是你是否知道牛奶也能導致過敏？聽一聽來自BBC的記者James Gallagher的報告第一段。牛奶是否會影響嬰兒？
Allergic reactions to cow's milk are common in babies. Up to three percent treat it as dangerous with their immune systems launching an attack on proteins found in cow's milk, but never in their mother's breast milk.
對牛奶有過敏反應多見於嬰兒。高達百分之三的嬰兒中，它們的免疫系統將牛奶視作一種危險成分，並對牛奶中的蛋白質發起攻擊，但是這種情況從來不會出現在母乳中。
Your body is protected by your immune system. That's a series of cells and tissues which stop you from catching diseases or infections.
你的身體被免疫系統保護著。這是一系列能夠阻止你得病或感染的細胞和組織。
These cells attack anything which they think is harming, or damaging the body.
這些細胞對它們認為有害的或損害人體的任何東西進行攻擊。
It's quite common for babies to have allergic reactions to cow's milk, so their bodies are attacking it.
嬰兒對牛奶有過敏反應很常見，所以他們的身體奮起反抗。
However, as we heard in the report, the babies' bodies never attack breast milk.
然而，如我們在報告中聽到的，嬰兒的身體從來不會攻擊母乳。
So, there must be something in the cow's milk that babies' bodies don't like. Listen to the second part of the report: what have scientists done to cow's milk?
所以，一定是牛奶中的某些物質是嬰兒身體細胞所不喜歡的。聽第二段報告：科學家們對牛奶做了什麼？
Now researchers in New Zealand have cut out one of the main culprits - the protein beta-lactoglobulin. They added new genetic material to disrupt its manufacturing process in a technique called RNA interference.
新西蘭的研究人員切出了過敏的主要元兇——蛋白質β——乳球蛋白。他們通過RNA干擾技術添加了新的遺傳物質來破壞過敏元兇的生產過程。
Scientists identified a protein in cow's milk which causes allergic reactions.
科學家們確認了來自牛奶的一種蛋白質引起了過敏反應。
In the report, this was called the culprit. The word culprit is often used to describe the bad guy in a book or film – here, it's used to describe the dangerous protein.
報告中，這種蛋白質被稱為罪魁禍首。一般意義上的罪魁禍首是指書中或電影中的壞人，這裡它用來形容危險的蛋白質。
The scientists have introduced a new genetic material to the cows to stop this protein being made.
科學家們引入了一種新型的奶牛遺傳物質來阻斷這種蛋白質的生成。
If you like, the cows have been genetically modified.
如果你喜歡，這些奶牛已經做過轉基因。
Their genes have been altered, or changed, so they don't produce the harmful protein in their milk.
它們的基因已經被改換或改變，所以它們不會生產含有有害蛋白的牛奶。
It sounds pretty complicated, but if there is no harmful protein in the milk, then babies shouldn't have an allergic reaction. Now that's good, isn't it?
聽起來相當複雜，但是如果牛奶中不含有任何有害蛋白質，嬰兒們是不應該不會有過敏反應的。現在就好了，不是嗎？
Well, not everyone thinks it's a good thing. Here's James Gallagher again:
當然，不是每個人都認為它是一件好事。繼續聽來自記者James Gallagher的報告。
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed the GM cow did not produce the protein in its milk. Other scientists said it was a spectacular study, while campaign groups have questioned the ethics of genetically modifying farm animals.
美國國家科學院發表的一項研究表明，轉基因奶牛在其牛奶中不會生產這種蛋白質。其他科學家認為，這是一項驚動一時的研究，一些運動團體曾質疑對農場動物進行轉基因處理的道德倫理問題。
So, some people think this scientific study is spectacular – in other words, they think it's amazing.
因此，一些人認為這項科學研究是驚動一時的，換句話說，是不可思議的。
Very true, but we also heard in the report that some campaign groups think that it's unethical to genetically modify animals.
的確，我們也聽到報告中的一些活動團體認為對動物進行轉基因是不道德的。
They think it's morally wrong to interfere with, or change, nature.
他們認為乾涉、改變自然在道德上是錯誤的。
Some people also worry about what effects genetic modification of animals could have on our health.
一些你擔心改變動物基因的一些物質可能會影響他們的健康。
That's true, I suppose there could be side effects that people don't yet know about.
真的，我想可能會有一些人們不知道的副作用。
On the other hand, some people argue that genetic modification could be used to produce super crops, and maybe, one day, help to stop world hunger.
另一方面，一些人認為，轉基因可能被用來生產超級作物，也許有一天，能幫助阻止全球飢餓。
Who knows what type of foods will be available in the future?
誰知道未來有什麼類型的食品可獲得？
We'll have to wait to find out, but I can tell you about the first genetically modified food which became available, but first, I asked you when it came onto the market for the very first time. Was it:a) 1984b) 1994c) 2004
我們需要等待才知道，但是我可以告訴你的第一個可食用的轉基因食品，但在這之前，我想問你它是什麼時候出現在超市中的。1984年1994年2004年
And I said 1984.
我猜是1984年。
Well, you were wrong! It was actually 1994. And it was a tomato. It was genetically modified so that it would stay green for longer after it was harvested.
你答錯了！其實是1994。是番茄。因為這些番茄是轉基因的，所以他們在被收穫之後很長一段時間都可以保持新鮮。
So it had a longer shelf life.
所以它有很長的上架期限。
Exactly! We're coming to the end of the programme now, so there's just time to go over some of the vocabulary we've heard today.
的確！我們到了節目末尾了，來一起溫習一下今天聽到的詞和短語。
The words and phrases were:
這些詞和短語是：
Allergy 過敏性/Mild 反應溫和的 /Immune system免疫系統 / Culprits罪魁禍首 /Genetically modified轉基因 / Spectacular驚動一時的 /Unethical不道德的
Bye for now!
拜拜啦~
Goodbye!
再見。