字神帝國英語天地

童鞋們快來上課了哦：今天的主題，超級會考的哦。

 今日主題：Bullying or normal competition? 是欺凌還是競爭？
 派老師推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
 康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/165.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
Hello, I'm Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm joined today by Neil. Hello, Neil!
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語節目。我是主持人Rob，今天的嘉賓是Neil。
Hi there, Rob!
你好啊，Rob。
Today we are talking about a very serious topic: bullying. And you're going to learn some vocabulary related to this topic.
今天我們來探討一個非常嚴肅的話題：欺凌。您將會學習到相關的詞彙表達。
It's a serious matter because it can leave people traumatised.
這個話題很沉重，因為它會給人留下創傷。
Traumatised, it means, they end up with emotional wounds which affect them psychologically. Bullies want to intimidate people.
Traumatised指的是事情發展後人們的情感會為之所傷。欺凌者想嚇唬嚇唬人。
To intimidate, in other words, to make people fear them. Yes, it does make people feel they can't help themselves - they're powerless. They feel?helpless.?
intimidate意思是讓別人害怕。是啊，這卻讓受欺負的人覺得自己無能，無助，無望？
Unfortunately, bullying has been increasing in the workplace in spite of laws against it.Let's go for some figures. Are you ready for a question, Neil?
然而不幸的是，儘管法律禁止欺凌，這種現象卻在工作場所更加頻繁出現。上一些數據吧，準備好回答問題了麼，Neil？
Yes, I am.
準備好了。
The Workplace Bullying Institute based in the US conducted a survey last year. How much of the American workforce has experienced bullying at work? Was it:a) 7%b) 27%c) 47%
一家總部在美國的工作欺凌調查所去年的調查顯示，多少人曾經在工作中受到欺凌呢？選項有：a）7%的人。b）27%的人。c）47%的人。
Well, I don't know but I'm going to go for 27%.
我不知道怎麼選，蒙一個吧，27%。
OK. I'll give you the answer by the end of the programme.
好的答案將在節目最後揭曉。
I'm very keen to know, Rob. Intimidating people is a bad thing but some might say that, well, aggression is part of human nature.
我好想知道答案。恐嚇他們是一件壞事，但有的人說，侵略也是人本性之一。
Yes, that's an interesting point, Neil. I can imagine big strong men imposing their will by force in the Stone Age, but behaving this way now probably isn't a good idea.The California-based anthropologist Christopher Boehm explains. Listen and then tell me: what made bullying go out of fashion?
這個觀點很耐人尋味。我可以想像到石器時代高大強壯的男人會把自己的意志付諸武力，但當時時代恐怕並非如此。聽聽加利福利亞的人類學家克里斯托弗‧貝姆是如何解釋的。聽完後告訴我，欺凌不再流行的條件是什麼？
【Christopher Boehm, Anthropologist at the University of California, US】About a quarter of a million years ago, humans began to hunt zebras and antelope. And they had to cooperate to do so because their weapons were rather primitive and they did not want alpha males to be dominating the carcass after it was killed. So the thing that everyone else did was to start killing alpha males. Bullies simply were not tolerated.
【美國加利福尼亞大學人類學家，克里斯托弗‧貝姆】大約在二十五萬年前，人類開始獵殺斑馬和羚羊。人們不得不合作，因為他們的工具原始，並且不希望獵殺後的野物被最強大的男性獨食獵物。所以其他人開始殺害最強大的男性，只是因為他們無法容忍。
Ah, people had?to cooperate?with each other - in other words, to work together for their mutual benefit. They were hunting animals for food.
人類不得不合作？換句話就是人們為了共同的利益而努力。他們一起獵殺動物。
Yes, and nobody wanted the alpha male - the strong man in the group who wanted to dominate everybody else - to take all the meat for himself.
是的，所有人都不想要最強大的男人獨食獵物。
So about 250,000 years ago, when human society was evolving, people realised it wasn't good for the community to have a bully around.
因此，在大約二十五萬年前，當人類社會逐步成型的時候，人們才意識到欺凌並非好事。
No. So if we make a big jump in history and back to the 21st century,well, modern companies value cooperation. People's wellbeing matters too.
恩，如果我們邁一大步到21世紀，好吧，現代公司重視合作，民眾的團結也很重要。
That's right. Many countries have laws against bullying which is part of the companies' human resources policy.
是的，許多國家把反對欺凌作為人力資源政策的一個組成部分。
Human Resources - also known by the initials HR - is the department which hires new employees and stores information about their career at the company.
Human Resources通常寫作HR，就是招聘新員工和管理資料檔案的部門。
And what sort of behaviour is considered bullying in the civilised world?
什麼樣的行為是文明世界中的欺凌呢？
That's what Helene Guldberg is about to explain to us.She's a specialist in developmental psychology. What's the main thing that defines bullying?
海倫古爾正要給我們解釋。她是發展心理學方面的專家，那麼現在是如何定義欺凌呢？
【Helene Guldberg, developmental psychologist】Something that is intentional on the part of the perpetrator; it has to involve some kind of power imbalance,so it's not an argument between equals, and it's something that is repetitive. So it's not a one off rage by one person against another. The intent is to cause harm, which can be psychological or physical.
【海倫古爾，發展心理學專家】故意肇事者；涉及到某種形式的權利不平衡；這與公平毫無聯繫，只是數次的比較後的東西。這是一種排隊一樣的排名，目的卻是造成心理或者生理傷害。
To be considered bullying, the behaviour has to be?intentional, which means it has to be planned or deliberate.
要定義欺凌，必須滿足條件是：intentional，意思是故意的或者謀劃的。
And also has to happen many times and involve power.
而且這件事必須是屢次涉及權力。
Yes, indeed. One person has to have more power than the other.
是的，某一人權力高於他人。
You know, Rob, this idea of intention is very important, because some people are just more confident and demanding then others. They might say that they didn't mean to cause any harm. They don't mean to bully anyone.
你知道的，這個條件很重要，很多人對自己盲目自信而苛求他人。他們可能會說，他們不少故意的，並非成心要欺負任何人。
Yes. But it can be interpreted differently. Darren Treadway, at the State University of New York, studied bullying in the workplace.He uses a word which means the way someone interprets something they see or hear. Which word is it?
是的，但是它必須以不同的方式解釋。狀態紐約州立大學的達倫‧雷德，正是研究工作場合的欺凌問題。他用哪個詞表示人們看到或者聽到東西的方式？
【Darren Treadway, at the State University of New York, US】At the end of the day, if the target feels as if they're being bullied, the corporation needs to make sure they're addressing that feeling.If you're the supervisor who's... your subordinate says that they're being bullied by you or abused by you,while you may not feel you're doing that, it's your responsibility as a communicator to make sure that they are getting the accurate perception of your behaviour.Being known as a bully is a stigma that nobody in a corporation wants.
【紐約州立大學的達倫‧雷德】在年底的某一天，如果某個人覺得被欺凌，公司需要確認這種感覺是否屬實。如果你是主管，你的下屬表示被欺凌或者虐待，但你毫無所查，你需要去溝通來確認他們對於你的行為認知是否準確。被廣而告之是被欺凌者是公司裡任何人都不想遭受的恥辱。
It's perception. According to Darren Treadway, bullying is a matter of perception - the way some action is interpreted by a person, in this case, a subordinate.
這個詞是perception，根據弗萊徹特雷德韋，欺凌行為與感知掛鉤，這個例子中就是指這些行動在下屬看來是如何感知。
And supervisors have to be aware of how their subordinates see their behaviour.
主觀需要知道下屬的想法。
It's all a matter of communication.
這些都是需要溝通的。
Yes, indeed. But we are running out of time, I'm afraid. Let's go back to the question I put to you earlier in the programme. It's about a survey by the Workplace Bullying Institute. I asked how much of the American workforce has experienced bullying in the workplace. The options were 7%, 27% and 47%.
確實是啊，我覺得差不多該結束了，還記得咱們的問題麼？是關於欺凌研究所的一項調查。我問當今美國工作中存在的欺凌現象有多少？選項是7%，27%，47%。
And I guessed 27%.
我猜的是27%。
And you guessed very well. The answer is indeed 27%. What do you think about that?
你運氣很好，正確答案就是它。你怎麼看？
Well, it's depressingly high, isn't it?
哈哈，好運一直跟著我，不是麼？
Yes, it is. OK. Well, before we go, could you remind us of some of the words that we've heard today, Neil?
恩是的，在我們出發之前，來回顧一下本期的單詞吧。
Yes. We've heard:
好的，我們一起回顧：
traumatisedto intimidatehelplessto cooperatealpha malehuman resourcesintentionalperceptionRight. Thanks, Neil. Do log on to www.bbclearningenglish.com to find more 6 Minute English programmes.
創傷恐嚇無助的合作主導的男性人力資源故意的感知好的，本期節目就到這裡，感謝收聽。