一、審題的“精確性”
根據專家對於過去2年獨立寫作考題的分析,發現有90%以上的題目屬於“支持/反對”型:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.
而剩下的則是由“對比論述型”構成的:
Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?
在審題時,考生必須首先把題目通讀1-3遍,徹底把握題目主旨後,方可進行段落佈局。在這裡,筆者結合自己的經驗給考生們一些建議:首先,判斷題目是否包 含“絕對”含義的詞,若有,則按照上篇講過的建議佈局,若沒有,則對於同意或者反對的理由進行快速的brain storming,然後根據分論點的數量及論點的可延展性來敲定立場:
Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
● Disagree:
1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities
2) Environment balance
3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands
● Agree:
1) life quality is the top priority
2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos
經過一番考量,假如考生得出了上述的一些分論點及想法,這時候,主體段的佈局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一種就是完全反對題目的說法,採用五段式結構佈 局,每個主體段論證上述三個分論點中的一個;第二種也是反對題目的說法,採用五段式結構佈局,但是前2個主體段從三個分論點中選二個去論證,而第三個主體 段從“同意”的二個分論點裡去選一個,最後的結論還是傾向於反對的。第三種是採用四段式結構佈局,即第一個主體段從三個反對意見中選擇二到三個分論點去 寫,而第二個主體段則從贊同的分論點裡去選擇,數量上比前一段少一個即可,最後結論還是傾向於反對多一點。這樣說是不是有些同學看了會有點“暈”呢?那下 面筆者就再舉個簡單點的例子吧:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.
● Disagree:
1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones
2) Famous people stand for some fashion
3) Constrain the public figures
4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity
又經過了幾分鐘思考,我們得出了上述的四個分論點,但是一時半會贊同的理由實在是想不出。若考試的時候遇到這種情況,千萬別猶豫不決,馬上從已經想好的觀 點裡面進行挑選。於是,這個題目我們就採用完全反對的立場,以五段式結構佈局全文,主體段的分論點從上述四點中挑選三個展開論述即可。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
● Agree: Parents make decision for children.
1) Parents have more experience
2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they can't take responsibility
還有一種情況就是我們只能想出兩個分論點,這時候考生應該果斷採用四段式佈局,而這一次,兩個主體段都分別論述一個同意的理由,而在結尾時,可以順便提一些反對的理由,這樣也不失為一種靈活的方法,希望考生們可以借鑒。
二、分論點的排列原則
專家提醒考生們,在佈局的時候我們不是隨意編排分論點的先後順序,而是需要有一定的邏輯性和合理性。一般說來,五段式的三個主體段,若都是同意或者都是反 對的理由的話,一般這些分論點有兩種邏輯順序,即第一種按照“重要性”來排,將你認為最主要的理由放在第一個主體段中詳細論證;第二種是按照“小到大”的 原則,即個人方面的理由先寫,然後再是家庭,公司,最後再是社會,國家等。倘若所有的論點都是在一個範圍內的,比如都是屬於個人的論點,則這個時候要看這 些分論點後續的論證內容的多少,比如某一個分論點你既舉得出例子,又可以進行對比或者因果論述的話那肯定應該先寫這個分論點,若某一個分論點後續能夠闡述 的理由只有一句話的時候那就應該果斷地將其排在後面寫。若文章是四段式的結構,則在一個主體段中的排列順序和前面講的原則是一致的。
留言列表