字神帝國英語天地

➼The two key things people judge you on when they first meet you
When you meet someone for the first time, do you put across a good impression? And what do we mean by 'good' in this context?
與人第一次見面時，你能給人留下一個好印象嗎？在這裡我們所謂的“好”又指的是什麼呢？
　　
➼According to Presence, a new book by Harvard Business School professor Amy Cuddy, people assess you on two main criteria when they first meet you:
哈佛商學院教授艾米·庫迪的新書《存在》 ，談到了影響第一印象的兩個主要評判標準：
1. Can I trust this person?
他（她）值得我信賴嗎？
2. Can I respect this person?
他（她）值得我尊重嗎？
　　
➼You level of trustworthiness, or warmth, is the most important factor in how people initially perceive you, Cuddy says - yet many mistakenly believe that the second factor, characterised as competence, is more important.
庫迪說，可信度（或者說親近感）是影響人們第一印象最重要的因素。但許多人錯誤的認為第二個因素——能力——才更重要。
➼"From an evolutionary perspective,” Cuddy writes, “it is more crucial to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust.”
庫迪在書中寫道：“從進化的角度看，知曉一個人是否值得我們信任，對我們的生存更為重要。”
　　
➼While displaying competence is certainly beneficial, particularly in a work setting, Cuddy warns that focusing on winning people's respect, while failing to win their trust, can backfire - a common problem for young professionals attempting to make a good impression early on in their careers.
向別人展示能力當然會對我們有好處，尤其是在工作場合。但庫迪提醒大家，只顧贏得別人的尊重而忽視贏得別人的信任，可能會適得其反。想要在事業早期給別人留下好印象的職場新人，普遍存在這個問題。
➼"If someone you're trying to influence doesn't trust you, you're not going to get very far; in fact, you might even elicit suspicion because you come across as manipulative," Cuddy says.
庫迪說：“如果你嘗試去影響的人並不信任你，那麼你是走不了很遠的；事實上，因為你給別人留下了控制欲強的印象，他們反而對你有疑慮。”
　　
➼"A warm, trustworthy person who is also strong elicits admiration, but only after you've established trust does your strength become a gift rather than a threat."
一個平易近人、值得信任，同時能力又強的人，才會讓人心生敬佩。不過，只有在你們之間建立了信任後，你的能力才會變成一種優點，而不是一種威脅。
➼In Cuddy's book she also explains some of the science that can help you spot a liar.
庫迪在書中也提供了一些科學理論，可以幫你識別撒謊的人。
　　
➼When a person is lying there is likely to be discrepancies between what they are saying and what they are doing, she suggests.
她表示，一個人在說謊時，他的言行可能會有不一致的地方。
➼“Lying is hard work," she writes. “We're telling one story while suppressing another, and most of us are experiencing psychological guilt about doing this, which we're also trying suppress. We just don't have the brainpower to manage it all without letting something go - without 'leaking’.”
她寫道：“說謊並非易事，編造謊言的同時也意味著隱瞞另一個事實，大多數人還會因撒謊而心生愧疚，並試圖掩蓋愧疚。我們人類的腦力還沒有強大到可以在撒謊時做到天衣無縫——即不讓自己“露餡”。
　　
➼The author adds that these ‘leaks’ can be seen in a person displaying conflicting emotions, like a happy tone of voice paired with an angry facial expression.
作者補充說，如果一個人表達的情感產生了衝突——比如語調是歡快的，但同時呈現的面部表情卻是憤怒的——最容易被人抓住撒謊的漏洞。
➼“It’s about how well or poorly our multiple channels of communication — facial expressions, posture, movement, vocal qualities, speech – co-operate,” she adds.
她還說，這跟我們與人交流時，對身體協調能力的掌控有關：包括面部表情、姿勢、動作、音質以及說話方式。
　　
➼Professor Cuddy argues that most of us are not very good at spotting a liaras we are distracted by the words coming out of their mouth.
庫迪教授說，大多數人並不善於識別說謊者，因為我們可能會被他們的言語分散注意力。
➼“When we’re consciously looking for signs of deception or truth, we pay too much attention to words and not enough to the nonverbal gestalt of what’s going on,” the professor adds. “Truth reveals itself more clearly through actions than it does through our words.
她補充說：“當我們小心翼翼找尋謊言或事實的跡象時，我們往往會過分關注說話人的言語，而忽視與之同時出現的肢體語言。肢體動作比言語更能揭示出事實真相。”

15 surprising things productive people do differently
　　
I recently interviewed over 200 ultra-productive people including seven billionaires, 13 Olympians, 20 straight-A students and over 200 successful entrepreneurs. I asked a simple, open-ended question, “What is your number one secret to productivity?” After analyzing all of their responses, I coded their answers into 15 unique ideas.
近期採訪了超過200位擁有超凡表現的人，其中包括7位億萬富翁，13位奧運會選手，20位高材生和200多位成功企業家。問了他們一個簡單的開放式問題:“你能保持高效工作的最主要秘訣是什麼？”經過分析，將他們給出的答案歸類為15種。
　　
ృ Secret #1: They focus on minutes, not hours.
秘訣1：細分時間
Average performers default to hours and half-hour blocks on their calendar. Highly successful people know there are 1,440 minutes in every day and there is nothing more valuable than time. Money can be lost and made again, but time spent can never be reclaimed. As legendary Olympic gymnast Shannon Miller told me, “To this day, I keep a schedule that is almost minute by minute.” You must master your minutes to master your life.
普通工作者們的日程表上都是默認以整點和半點來劃分時段的，而那些成功人士不同。他們知道，每一天都由1440分鐘組成，每一分鐘都是最寶貴的財富。錢不夠了還能再掙，時間一去可不會回頭。大名鼎鼎的奧運體操運動員香農•米勒告訴我說:“直到今天，我的日程表還是按分秒來記。”你要能夠通過把握每一分鐘，來掌控你的整個生活。
　　
ృ Secret #2: They focus only on one thing.
秘訣2：專注一件事
Ultra productive people know their Most Important Task (MIT) and work on it for one to two hours each morning, without interruptions. Tom Ziglar, CEO of Ziglar Inc., shared, “Invest the first part of your day working on your number one priority that will help build your business.” What task will have the biggest impact on reaching your goal? What accomplishment will get you promoted at work?
擁有超凡表現的人都清楚自己的首要任務，並且會在接下來的每個早晨，用一到兩個小時去完成它，期間絕不分心。齊格勒公司的首席執行官湯姆•齊格勒分享了他的成功經驗:“將一天的開始分配給你最首要的任務，這有助於你事業的發展。”什麼樣的任務最有助於你完成目標？什麼樣的成就有助於你在工作中穩步提升？
　　
ృ Secret #3: They don’t use to-do lists.
秘訣3：廢除任務清單
Throw away your to-do list; instead schedule everything on your calendar. It turns out only 41% of items on to-do lists are ever actually done. And all those undone items lead to stress and insomnia because of the Zeigarnik effect. Highly productive people put everything on their calendar and then work and live from that calendar. “Use a calendar and schedule your entire day into 15-minute blocks. It sounds like a pain, but this will set you up in the 95th percentile…”, advises the co-founder of The Art of Charm, Jordan Harbinger.
把你的任務清單丟掉吧，因為事實證明這上面最終只有41%的任務會被圓滿完成；而且由於蔡格尼克記憶效應，剩下的那些未完成的任務將成為你焦慮和失眠的元兇。所以，你應該好好安排你的日程表。作為高效率人士，他們會把所有事都寫在日程上，然後將它放到一邊，繼續自己的工作生活。魅力藝術網站的創始人之一喬丹•哈賓格建議道：“把你一天的計畫以每15分鐘為單位劃分，這聽起來很頭疼，但可以讓你省出95%的時間。”
　　
ృ Secret #4: They beat procrastination with time travel.
秘訣4：著眼當下
Your future self can’t be trusted. That’s because we are “time inconsistent.” We buy veggies today because we think we’ll eat healthy salads all week; then we throw out green rotting mush in the future. I bought P90x because I think I’m going to start exercising vigorously and yet the box sits unopened one year later. What can you do now to make sure your future self does the right thing? Anticipate how you will self-sabotage in the future, and come up with a solution to defeat your future self.
我們對自己未來的判斷是不可信的，因為誰都不會是永恆不變的。舉例來說，我們今天買了一些蔬菜，想著這一周都要吃健康的沙拉。然而最後綠菜葉都爛成了一堆，我們不得已全都丟掉；我買了一盒“90天魔鬼訓練”健身DVD（P90x），想著自己要開始每天鍛煉身體。然而那個盒子放了一年，也沒有被我打開過。我們該怎麼做才能保證上面的情況不會出現？那就是做好最壞的打算，想個對策解決當下，而不是拖給未來。
　　
ృ Secret #5: They make it home for dinner.
秘訣5：回家吃飯
I first learned this from Intel’s Andy Grove, “There is always more to be done, more that should be done, always more than can be done.” Highly successful people know what they value in life. Yes, work, but also what else they value. There is no right answer, but for many, values include: family time, exercise, giving back. They consciously allocate their 1,440 minutes a day to each area they value (i.e., they put it on their calendar) and then they stick to the schedule.
第一次向我談起這個的是英特爾前CEO安迪•格魯夫，他說：“我們總有很多該做的事、想做的事，但我們能夠做到的事很少。”成功人士都瞭解自己生命中最重要東西的是什麼。工作很重要，但這不是唯一。重要的東西有很多，並沒有一個標準答案：家庭時間，鍛煉身體，回饋社會。他們將自己每天1440分鐘分配給了他們認為重要的東西（比如將它們寫在日程上），然後堅持完成他們的計畫。
　　
ృ Secret #6: They use a notebook.
秘訣6：攜帶筆記本
Richard Branson has said on more than one occasion that he wouldn’t have been able to build Virgin without a simple notebook, which he takes with him wherever he goes. In one interview, Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis said, “Always carry a notebook. Write everything down…That is a million dollar lesson they don’t teach you in business school!” Ultra-productive people free their mind by writing everything down.
理查•布蘭森曾不止一次說過，他和筆記本形影不離，沒有他就沒有維珍公司。在一次採訪中，希臘航運巨頭亞里斯多德•奧納西斯也說：“隨身帶個筆記本，隨時記下任何事……你在任何商學院都學不到！”高效率的人通過記錄發生的所有事情，解放了自己的思想。
　　
ృ Secret #7: They process email only a few times a day.
秘訣7：少看郵件
Ultra-productive people don’t “check” email throughout the day. They don’t respond to each vibration or ding to see who has intruded their inbox. Instead, like everything else, they schedule time to process their email quickly and efficiently. For some that’s only once a day, for me, it’s morning, noon and night.
高效率的人不會一整天都在流覽郵件，也不會一接收到提示就去查看是誰發來郵件。相反，他們會安排特定時間迅速高效地處理這些郵件。對一些人來說可能是一天一次，我自己則會在早中晚各查看一次。
　　
ృ Secret #8: They avoid meetings at all costs.
秘訣8：推掉無意義的會議
When I asked Mark Cuban to give me his best productivity advice, he quickly responded, “Never take meetings unless someone is writing a check.” Meetings are notorious time killers. They start late, have the wrong people in them, meander in their topics and run long. You should get out of meetings whenever you can, hold fewer of them yourself, and if you do run a meeting, keep it short.
當我向馬克•庫班尋求建議時，他很快告訴我：“別去參加亂七八糟的會議，除非有人給錢。”有些會議是時間殺手人盡皆知，它們開始得遲，參會人員也亂，討論話題漫無目的，持續得倒是很久。只要你可以推掉就別去開什麼會了，會議主持得越少越好。如果迫不得已必須上陣，無需贅言，點到即可。
　　
ృ Secret #9: They say “no” to almost everything.
秘訣9：幾乎所有事情都可拒絕
Billionaire Warren Buffet once said, “The difference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say ‘no’ to almost everything.” And James Altucher colorfully gave me this tip,“If something is not a “hell, YEAH! Then it’s a “no!”
億萬富翁華倫•巴菲特曾說：“成功者和更成功者的差異在於，更成功者懂得拒絕幾乎任何事。”詹姆斯•阿爾圖切爾說得更為形象：“如果說的不是‘當然’，那就是‘不’！”
Remember, you only have 1,440 minutes in every day. Don’t give them away easily.
記住，你每天只有1440分鐘可以使用。好鋼要用在刀刃上。
　　
ృ Secret #10: They follow the 80/20 rule.
秘訣10：遵守80/20原則
Known as the Pareto Principle, in most cases 80% of outcomes come from only 20% of activities. Ultra-productive people know which activities drive the greatest results, and focus on those and ignore the rest.
大家都知道帕累托法則，即多數情況下，結果的80%只取決於20%的投入。高效率的人瞭解什麼樣的投入能得到最大的產出，因此他們只專注於這部分的投入。
　　
ృ Secret #11: They delegate almost everything.
秘訣11：委託任務
Ultra-productive people don’t ask, “How can I do this task?” Instead they ask, “How can this task get done?” They take the “I” out of it as much as possible. Ultra-productive people don’t have control issues and they are not micro-managers. In many cases good enough is, well, good enough.
高效率工作的人不會去問“我該如何完成這項任務？”，相反，他們會問“這項任務怎麼完成？”他們盡可能將“自己”排除在任務之外，不是控制狂，也不會事必躬親。在很多情況下，任務完成得足夠好就行。
　　
ృ Secret #12: They theme days of the week.
秘訣12：分批完成每週工作
Highly successful people often theme days of the week to focus on major areas. For decades I’ve used “Mondays for Meetings” and make sure I’m doing one-on-one check-ins with each direct report. My Friday afternoons are themed around financials and general administrative items that I want to clean up before the new week starts. I’ve previously written about Jack Dorsey’s work themes, which enable him to run two companies at once. Batch your work to maximize your efficiency and effectiveness.
成功人士通常會將一個星期劃分開，用來處理不同的工作專案。幾十年來，我一直都將星期一定做開會日，對直接彙報做一對一的評價。我的星期五下午通常用來處理經濟和相關行政事宜，因為我想在新的一周開始前解決掉這周所有的事務。我曾寫過傑克•多西的每週規劃，這個規劃使他能夠同時管理好兩家公司。像這樣分批次處理工作能最大程度地提高你的工作效率。
　　
ృ Secret #13: They touch things only once.
秘訣13： 隨手小事當即完成
How many times have you opened a piece of regular mail—a bill perhaps—and then put it down only to deal with it again later? How often do you read an email, and then close it and leave it in your inbox to deal with later? Highly successful people try to “touch it once.” If it takes less than five or ten minutes—whatever it is—they’ll deal with it right then and there. It reduces stress since it won’t be in the back of their mind, and is more efficient since they won’t have to re-read or evaluate the item again in the future.
你會打開一封普通郵件或是一份帳單幾次？你會看完接著合上放到以後再處理嗎？你會多久去流覽一次電子郵件，接著關掉等以後再處理？成功人士只會做一次。不管是什麼，只要事情能在五到十分鐘內被解決，他們就會立刻處理。既然事情已經解決，他們也就無需顧慮；這樣同時還提高了效率，因為他們以後不必再重新考量這些事情。
　　　
ృ Secret #14: They practice a consistent morning routine.
秘訣14：堅持良好的晨間作息
My single greatest surprise while interviewing over 200 highly successful people was how many of them wanted to share their morning ritual with me. Hal Elrod, author of The Miracle Morning, told me, “While most people focus on ‘doing’ more to achieve more, The Miracle Morning is about focusing on ‘becoming’ more so that you can start doing less, to achieve more.” While I heard about a wide variety of habits, most people I interviewed nurtured their body in the morning with water, a healthy breakfast and light exercise. They nurtured their mind with meditation or prayer, inspirational reading, and journaling.
最讓我吃驚的是，在我採訪的超過200位成功人士中，有不少人想同我分享他們的晨間作息。《魔法早晨》的作者哈爾•埃爾羅德就告訴我說：“當大多數人還在關注多勞多得時，《魔法早晨》通過關注早晨的生活變化，幫助人們少做也能多得。”在我通過採訪瞭解到的各色習慣中，有很多人會在早晨喝杯水，吃一頓健康的早餐，然後做少量運動來保持身體健康 ；他們還會通過冥想或是禱告，讀點勵志故事，寫寫日記來豐富自己的精神生活。
　　
ృ Secret #15: Energy is everything.
秘訣15：活力就是一切
You can’t make more minutes in the day, but you can increase your energy which will increase your attention, focus, decision making, and overall productivity. Highly successful people don’t skip meals, sleep or breaks in the pursuit of more, more, more. Instead, they view food as fuel, sleep as recovery, and pulse and pause with “work sprints”.
你不能給自己多加一分鐘，但你可以給自己增添活力。有了活力，你能夠提高注意力，集中精神，果斷決策，進而全面提高自己的辦事效率。成功人士不會犧牲吃飯睡覺以及零散的休息時間去追求更多的效益。相反，他們視食物為燃料，會借睡眠恢復體力，勞逸結合去衝刺工作。

♆♆♆ 臉書打壓“仇恨言論” ♆♆♆
Facebook sets its sights on hate speech with million-euro initiative
　　
☛近日，Facebook在歐洲推出了一項新的舉措，即線上上和線下同時展開仇恨言論和極端內容的打壓行動--Online Civil Courage Initiative(OCCI)。據悉，Facebook已經承諾為OCCI提供100多萬歐元的資金。

Frozen pants are the hottest new trend this winter

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is claiming a new milestone -- the invention of hangover-free alcohol. 
北韓宣佈了一項重大發明：一種能“防止宿醉”的酒。 
　　
The state newspaper reported that Taedonggang Foodstuff Factory has introduced a ginseng liquor with 30% to 40% alcohol and, theoretically, no horrible morning after feeling. 
The drink features six-year-old, indigenous Kaesong organic "insam," a Korean name for ginseng. 
Developing the drink took years of research to figure out a way to minimize the bitter insam taste. 
The factory decided to use boiled rice instead of sugar which "promoted the sweet and savoury tastes of insam by weakening its bitter taste with the delicious flavor of the boiled and scorched glutinous rice," according to The Pynongyang Times. 
In theory, the hangover-fighting effects come from the use of scorched rice and from the ginseng's "medicinal effect." 
The nation has already poured accolades on the new drink, giving it a quality medal for "preserving national smack." 
The paper praised the product because it "exudes national flavor" and said that it has "already been registered as a national scientific and technological hit."
　　
☯ milestone-(n.)里程碑；劃時代的事件
參考例句：
The film proved to be a milestone in the history of cinema.
事實證明這部影片是電影史上的一個里程碑。
I think this is a very important milestone in the relations between our two countries.
我認為這是我們兩國關係中一個十分重要的里程碑。
☯ foodstuff-(n.)食料，食品
參考例句：
They handled groceries and foodstuff.
他們經營食品雜貨。
Construct a international foodstuff promotion and exhibition trade center.
建成國際食品會展經貿中心。
☯ indigenous-(adj.)土產的，土生土長的，本地的
參考例句：
Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.
每個國家都有自己本土的文化傳統。
Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.
印第安人是美洲的土著居民。
☯ decided-(adj.)決定了的，堅決的；明顯的，明確的
參考例句：
This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.
這使他們比對手具有明顯的優勢。
There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.
英國人和中國人打招呼的方式有很明顯的區別。
☯ scorched-燒焦，烤焦( scorch的過去式和過去分詞 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…曬枯； 高速行駛； 枯焦
參考例句：
I scorched my dress when I was ironing it. 
我把自己的連衣裙熨焦了。
The hot iron scorched the tablecloth. 
熱熨斗把桌布燙焦了。
☯ glutinous-(adj.)粘的，膠狀的
參考例句：
The sauce was glutinous and tasted artificial.
這種醬有些黏，嘗起來不是非常地道。
The coat covering the soft candies is made from glutinous rice.
包裹軟糖的江米紙是由糯米做成的。
☯ accolades-(n.)（連結幾行譜表的）連譜號( accolade的名詞複數 )；嘉獎；（窗、門上方的）桃尖拱形線腳；冊封爵士的儀式（用劍面在肩上輕拍一下）
參考例句：
Unlike other accolades for literature which tend to value style or experimentation. 
有別於其他偏重風格活實驗性的文學獎項。 來自互聯網
Build your trophy room while amassing awards and accolades. 
建立您的獎盃積累獎項和榮譽。
☯ smack-(vt.)拍，打，摑；咂嘴；vi.含有…意味；n.拍
參考例句：
She gave him a smack on the face.
她打了他一個嘴巴。
I gave the fly a smack with the magazine.
我用雜誌拍了一下蒼蠅。
☯ exudes-(v.)緩慢流出，滲出，分泌出( exude的第三人稱單數 )；流露出對（某物）的神態或感情
參考例句：
The plant exudes a sticky fluid. 
這種植物分泌出一種黏液。
She exudes sexual magnetism. 
她洋溢著女性的魅力。
☯ technological-(adj.)技術的；工藝的
參考例句：
A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.
一家成功的公司必須得跟上技術變革的步伐。
Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.
當今， 隨著科技進步，生活節奏不斷增快。

⋆⊙⊙⋆　2050年海洋中的塑膠會比魚還多　⋆⊙⊙⋆
More plastic than fish in oceans by 2050
　　
✱ The world is flooded with plastic garbage.
在我們的世界，塑膠垃圾已經氾濫成災。
✱ There will be more plastic than fish in terms of weight in the world's oceans by 2050, the World Economic Forum warned Tuesday.
1月19日，世界經濟論壇發出警告：到2050年，世界各大海洋中的塑膠垃圾總重量將超過海中魚類。
　　
✱ Plastic has become one of the world's most popular materials, combining amazing functionality and very low production costs. Its use has increased 20-fold in the past 50 years and is expected to double again in the next 20 years.
塑膠製品應用廣泛、造價低廉，在世界各地都廣受人們歡迎。過去五十年中，塑膠使用量增長了20倍，並且有望在接下來的20年裡再翻一番。
✱ Almost everybody in the world comes into contact with it -- over a quarter of all plastic is used for packaging, the most popular use of the material.
塑膠製品中最受歡迎的當屬塑膠袋了，超過四分之一的塑膠最終都製成了各種袋子。日常生活中，幾乎每個人都要用到它。
　　
✱ But only 14% of plastic packaging is collected for recycling. The reuse rate is terrible compared to other materials -- 58% of paper and up to 90% of iron and steel gets recycled.
但是，全球只有14%的塑膠袋得以回收利用。紙張再用率為58%，而鋼鐵的迴圈使用率可高達90%，相較於這些資源，塑膠的再使用情況則相當糟糕。
✱ It gets worse. Almost a third of all plastic packaging escapes collection systems and ends up in nature or clogging up infrastructure.
眼下，情況變得越來越糟了。近三分之一的塑膠袋無法回收，要麼堵在了城市基礎設施的某個角落，要麼在自然界中“自生自滅”。
　　
✱ "After a short first-use cycle, 95% of plastic packaging material value, or $80 billion to $120 billion annually, is lost to the economy," the WEF said in a report.
世界經濟論壇在其報告中指出：“塑膠袋的首次使用週期很短，由於再用率低下，95%的塑膠袋都白白浪費掉了，造成的經濟損失每年高達800億至1200億美元。”
✱ The report is based on interviews with over 180 experts and on analysis of over 200 reports.
這份報告是在採訪了180多名專家，並對200多份報告進行了大量分析後提出的。
　　
✱ They estimate that by 2050, the amount of plastics produced globally will increase three times to 1,124 million tons. By then, the "plastic economy" will take up 15% of the world's global carbon budget, compared to just 1% today.
據預計，2050年全球塑膠產量將增加三倍，高達11.24億噸。屆時，“塑膠經濟”將佔有全球碳預算15%的份額，而目前其份額僅為1%。
✱ The so-called carbon budget is the total amount of carbon dioxide the world can pump into the atmosphere while still having a chance of stopping short of 2 degrees of global warming.
所謂的“碳預算”是指全球排放到大氣中的二氧化碳總量的上限，以保證還有機會將全球變暖的增幅遏制在兩攝氏度內。
　　
✱ The forum said the only way to avoid a disaster is to massively improve the economics and uptake of recycling. That means giving people incentives to collect plastic garbage and recycle, use reusable packaging, and encourage countries to drastically improve their waste collection infrastructure, to avoid plastic garbage leaking into the nature.
該論壇發表聲明說，避免這一災難的唯一途徑就是大力改善經濟結構，提高迴圈使用率。這意味著激勵人們去回收並迴圈使用塑膠垃圾，使用可重複使用的包裝袋，鼓勵各國大力改善廢物回收設施，以防止塑膠垃圾排放到自然環境中。

Australia makes 'captain's call' on best words of 2015
　　
Captain's call - a phrase "plucked" from the cricket pitch and politicized by former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott - has become the Macquarie Dictionary's Word of the Year for 2015.
✏“拍腦袋決定（原意：隊長的決定）”一詞源於板球運動，後因被用來戲謔澳大利亞前總理托尼·阿博特而變成政治術語。現在，該詞已被麥誇裡辭典列為“2015年度熱詞”。
Mr Abbott's controversial choice to award Prince Philip a knighthood was one of his many "captain's calls".
✏阿博特做過不少“拍腦袋的決定”，其中包括授予英國菲力浦親王騎士頭銜，此事讓他備受爭議。
　　
The noun is defined as "a decision made by a political or business leader without consultation with colleagues".
✏這個名詞是指“一個由政治或商業領導人所做的決定，未經與其同僚商議過。”
The dictionary said the word "perfectly encapsulates" Australia in 2015.
✏該辭典稱這個詞“完美總結”了2015年的澳大利亞。
　　
"There has been an interesting change in usage; an infrequent item of the jargon of cricket makes the leap into politics and is now being used generally with an ironic tinge to it that is very Australian," the Macquarie Dictionary said in a statement.
✏“這個詞在用法上發生了一個十分有趣的變化；一個並不常見的板球術語進入到了政治領域，並且，人們在使用該詞時通常帶有諷刺意味，這種情況極富澳大利亞色彩，”麥誇裡辭典在聲明中如是說。
　　
Coming in second was the word "lumbersexual" - a portmanteau of lumberjack and metrosexual - referring to urban men who adopt the style of an outdoorsman as a fashion statement.
✏排名第二的年度熱詞是“伐木型男”。它是伐木工人和都市型男這兩個詞的合成詞，指那種以戶外運動為時尚的都市男性。
　　
Other contenders for Australia's best word in 2015
✏澳大利亞2015年度熱詞候選
1. deso: Colloquially refers to a designated driver, who refrains from drinking alcohol in order to drive others safely home. Also, deso driver.
➥的搜：口語中通常指代駕司機，他們為了安全載送顧客回家而不能飲酒。也可稱“的搜司機”。
2. open kimono: A business policy of sharing information freely with an outside party.
➥開放式和服：指開放資訊共用的商業政策。
3. keyboard warrior: a person who adopts an excessively aggressive style in online discussions which they would not normally adopt in person-to-person communication, often in support of a cause, theory, world view, etc.
➥鍵盤戰士：指那些在網上參與話題討論時，對與自己立場、理論、世界觀不同的人，採取惡語相向、攻擊性態度的人，而這些人在現實生活中與人交流時卻並不是這樣。
4. ghost plate: a clear plastic numberplate cover which becomes opaque when viewed from certain angles, thereby obscuring the registration number; designed to circumvent identification by speed cameras.
➥鬼牌：一種透明塑膠車牌膜，會使車牌從某些特定角度看來模糊不清；這是專為躲避超速相機抓拍車牌而設計的。
5. athleisure: clothing, shoes, etc., designed for both exercise and general casual wear.
➥運動休閒風：既適合運動又很悠閒的衣服、鞋子等。
6. tri-tip: a cut of beef, taken from the bottom of the sirloin.
➥三角肉：牛里脊最下面的那塊肉。
7. digital disruption: Commerce the impact of digital technology in making various established industries and products obsolete.
➥數位化衝擊：在商業領域中，受資訊技術發展的衝擊而淘汰的大量工廠和產品。
8. abandoned porn: a genre of photography which romanticises abandoned buildings and urban areas in a state of decay. Also, ruin porn.
➥廢墟藝術照：一種攝影類型，通過攝影技術使被遺棄的建築和衰退區呈現一種頹廢的浪漫色彩。英文也可以稱之為“ruin porn”。
9. wombat gate: a swing gate installed in a ditch going underneath a fence, so that wombats, who follow very predictable patterns at night, can come and go without destroying the fence.
➥袋熊門：一種旋轉門，安裝在籬笆下面的溝渠裡。夜晚袋熊喜歡朝顯眼的地方走，這個旋轉門可以吸引袋熊的注意力從而防止它踩壞籬笆。
　　
【Vocabulary】
❖ knighthood：騎士身份
❖ encapsulate：概述
❖ obsolete：廢棄的；老式的

Intelligent people are more easily distracted
　　
★ Those who find themselves easily distracted at work may be intellectually superior to their colleagues, according to research.
研究發現，在工作中易被分散注意力的人可能比他們的同事智商更高。
★ Intelligent workers may have difficulty concentrating due to the vast number of clever ideas popping into their gifted brains.
高智商的人很難集中注意力，是因為他們總能靈光一閃，想出許多絕妙的主意。
　　
★ Bostjan Ljubic, vice president of Steelcase, a workplace solutions company that analysed the findings of neuroscientists and cognitive researchers, said: “Employers are always on the lookout for the brightest people available, however the difficulty to withstand multiple tasks and distractions in the office affects smart people in the same way as everyone else, if not more.”
斯迪凱斯公司通過對神經科學家和認知研究者的調研結果進行分析，為企業提供人力管理解決方案。斯迪凱斯副總裁博斯揚·柳比奇說：“雇主們總是在尋找最聰明的人。然而，同其他人一樣，聰明人在面對多重任務時也會無從下手，而且在容易走神這件事上，聰明人跟普通人差不多，甚至不如普通人。”
　　
★ The smartest individuals may find it more difficult to decide which ideas to prioritise with distraction leading to, what psychiatrist Dr Ned Hallowell cites as, “a feeling of inadequacy and inability to deal with the workload as a whole,” the Telegraphreports.
英國《每日電訊報》報導稱，聰明人不容易分清事務的輕重緩急。引用精神病學博士內德·哈洛韋爾的話說就是：這是因為“注意力不集中導致他們無法從全域的角度考慮事情，或者考慮的不夠充分。”
★ He added, the smartest brains can ultimately fall short of their own expected potential, as well as failing to live up to their employer's hopes.
他補充道，最聰明的腦瓜可能最終卻並不能充分發揮它的潛力，達不到雇主原先的期望。
　　
★ Nearly half of more than 10,000 workers, surveyed in 17 countries, said they struggled to concentrate in the office, according to a wellbeing study by Steelcase.
斯迪凱斯的幸福研究涵蓋了17個國家，共有一萬多人接受調查，其中有近一半的人都表示難以集中注意力工作。
★ Increased access to technology has been cited as a possible reason for this lack of focus.
影響注意力集中的可能因素之一是科技設備的頻繁使用。
　　
★ Research from GlobalWebIndex, cited by Steelcase, says the average time spent on mobile devices has increased by 200 per cent since 2012; while the average smartphone user in the UK checks their phone 221 times every day and the average office worker checks their email around 30 times an hour.
斯迪凱斯引用“全球網路指數”的研究稱，目前人們在移動設備上平均花費的時間比2012年增長了200%；在英國，人們平均每天看手機221次，白領平均每小時查看郵件30次。
　　
★ The University of California suggest that, ultimately, the average office worker is interrupted or distracted every three minutes.
加利福尼亞大學的研究發現，總的來說，白領平均每三分鐘就要走一次神。
★ Mr Ljubic said: “The ways in which we work are changing more rapidly than ever before and the brain is being subjected to stresses and distractions which can lead to overload and statistics show that distractions in the workplace are on the rise.”
柳比奇說：“我們的工作方式正在不斷變化，變化頻率比以前快多了。大腦易於焦慮、走神，由此導致腦部超負荷運轉。資料顯示，無法專心工作的人的數量正在上升。”

❧❧❧ The 25 worst passwords of 2015 ❧❧❧ 
　　
When it comes to making up passwords, we’re not doing so great as a society. 
在編密碼這件事上，大部分人的表現都不怎麼樣。❧
　　
Password management firm SplashData released its annual "Worst Passwords List," revealing that humans have remained rather indifferent to choosing unique, secure passwords since the company's first report in 2011. SplashData analyzed more than 2 million leaked passwords in 2015 and found several trends in the most common ones.
密碼管理公司“飛濺資料”近日發佈了2015年度“最不安全密碼排行榜”。通過此次調查，“飛濺資料”發現，雖然它從2011年就開始發這個榜，但人們對於選擇一個獨一無二的安全密碼的覺悟還是不高。該公司對2015年遭洩露的200多萬個密碼進行分析，發現了以下幾個特點。❧
　　
“Password” and “123456” still claim the top two spots on the list, where they've remained for the past five years. Simple numerical passwords remain an easy go-to; six of the top 10 passwords are comprised of only numbers.
“Password”仍然是大家最愛用的密碼，“123456”其次。這是它倆連續第5年霸佔前兩名了。大部分人還是青睞簡單的數位密碼。榜單前10名中有6個是純數位密碼。❧
　　
You'll also find that references to sports and pop culture are fairly common. “Football” and “baseball” are both in the top 10 list, and in line with the release of The Force Awakens, “starwars,” “solo” and “princess” are all new entries on this year’s list. 
體育和流行文化相關的詞彙也在大家最愛用的密碼之列。“Football”和“baseball”都位列前10；隨著《星球大戰：原力覺醒》的上映，“starwars”、“solo”和“princess”也首登今年的不安全密碼榜。❧
　　
Several others that weren't on the 2014 list include “welcome,” “login” and “passw0rd." Changing that "o" in password to a zero might seem original, but a lot of people had the same idea. 
其他2014沒有、2015新上榜的還有“welcome”、“login”和“passw0rd"。不要以為自己把“password”中的字母“o”換成數位“0”很有創意，其實很多人都想到了這點。❧
　　
➤➤ If you see your password on this list, make your 2016 resolution to do better. 
➤➤如果你在本榜單上看到了你正在用的密碼，就在2016年下定決心改了吧。
1. 123456 
2. password 
3. 12345678 
4. qwerty 
5. 12345 
6. 123456789 
7. football 
8. 1234 
9. 1234567 
10. baseball 
11. welcome 
12. 1234567890 
13. abc123 
14. 111111 
15. 1qaz2wsx 
16. dragon 
17. master 
18. monkey 
19. letmein 
20. login 
21. princess 
22. qwertyuiop 
23. solo 
24. passw0rd 
25. starwars
　　
“飛濺資料”建議使用這樣的密碼
① Use passwords with 12 characters or more with mixed types of characters. 
最好在12個字元以上，混合多種字元類型（譯者注：一個數位、一個字母、一個標點，都屬於一個字元）。
② Avoid using the same password over and over again on different websites. 
不同網站的帳戶不要反復使用同一個密碼。
③ Use a password manager, like SplashID or LastPass, to organize and protect passwords, generate random passwords and automatically log into websites. 
可以使用密碼管理器（如SplashID或LastPass）管理和保護密碼，生成隨機密碼並自動登錄網站帳戶。

➫➬For the last decade, a new type of fraud is particularly expanding amongst major size companies: the so called CEO impersonation fraud or CEO fraud.

Real-life dream boss actually wants you to work less, sleep more and travel the world
　　 
➠ Tech companies are notorious for offering job "perks" that function like gilded handcuffs: fancy benefits like free meals and laundry that keep you tied to the office for long hours.
技術公司在提供“金手銬”般束縛員工的工作福利這方面臭名昭著：比如像提供免費的午餐和洗衣服務這種奇特的福利，以此讓員工在長時間待在辦公室裡。
　　 
➠ Jason Fried is a tech CEO with a radically different philosophy. At Basecamp, the 50-person software company he helped found about 15 years ago, the benefits support a culture that urges employees to work reasonable hours (40 a week is encouraged), sleep more, stay healthy and expand their horizons.
傑生•弗裡德是一家技術公司的執行總裁，他有完全不同的經營理念。十五年前，他創立了只有50人的貝斯卡軟體公司。在貝斯卡公司，員工待遇優厚，一周只需工作40小時，不必熬夜。該公司企業氛圍良好，員工健康生活，有機會拓寬視野。
　　 
➠ "There's a lot of praise around big companies doing your laundry for you and having chefs in-house. The message is, 'Don't leave the office, everything you need is here,'" the 41-year-old Fried told The Huffington Post. "That just grosses me out."
“大公司免費提供洗衣和供餐服務是值得稱道的，同時，它也傳達出一個資訊：不要離開辦公室，它能滿足你的所有需要。”四十一歲的弗裡德告訴赫芬頓郵報：“這使我感到厭惡。”
　　
➠ Employees at Fried's Chicago-based company, which develops project management software, not only receive paid time-off to take vacations, but the company pays for their vacations as an annual "gift" to those with at least one year's tenure. New employees receive a paid-for night on the town.
弗裡德的公司總部在芝加哥，主業是開發專案管理軟體。該公司員工不僅可以帶薪休假，而且公司為工齡一年以上的員工支付所有度假費用，作為每年的禮物。新職員可報銷一晚市中心夜生活的花費。
　　
➠ In a blog post earlier this week, Fried detailed a dizzying array of other benefits:
在本週發表的一篇博文中，弗裡德列出了其他一堆令人眼花繚亂的福利。
Four-day, 30-hour workweeks in the summer.
夏季每週上四天班，每週工作30小時
　　
➠ $100 a month for fitness, which employees can spend on gym memberships, yoga classes, race fees, etc.
每月提供100美元的健身費用，員工可以在健身房辦會員卡，練瑜伽，跑步等等
$100 a month for massages.
每月提供100美元的按摩費用
　　
➠ CSA (community supported agriculture) memberships, so workers get locally grown fruits and vegetables.
所有員工都是社區支援農業（CSA）會員，所以他們可以吃到當地種植的水果和蔬菜。
　　
The option to work anywhere. Basecamp employees are located all around the country.
有權選擇工作的地點。貝斯卡公司的員工遍佈全國。　　
A one-month sabbatical every three years.
每三年休假一個月
　　
➠ There's more. Recently, Fried formalized a parental leave policy. Mothers and fathers who are primary caregivers get 16 weeks off fully paid.
福利遠不止這些。最近，弗裡德又規範了父母休假政策。如果已為人父母的員工擔負著撫養小孩的主要責任，他們將享有16周的帶薪假期。
　　
➠ Fried, who has a 15-month-old son at home, said he wants his employees to get out of the office and experience the rest of life. Their salaries are in the top 5 percent for the Chicago area, he said. Instead of giving them an extra $100 they don't really need, these perks nudge them to behave in ways that can make them healthier and happier.
弗裡德的兒子有十五個月大了，他說他想要員工走出辦公室體驗一下外面的生活。員工的工資水準在芝加哥地區位於前百分之五。弗裡德認為，一再為員工加薪其實意義不大，與其再給他們加100美元工資，還不如用這些福利鼓勵他們更健康更快樂地生活。
　　
➠ The vacation policy exemplifies this rationale. Workers get a total of three weeks off. They can spend some of that time on an all-expenses-paid trip courtesy of Basecamp. This year they can get to choose among travel to such places as Martha's Vineyard, the Grand Canyon, Ethiopia and Verona, Italy. Workers pick from the options in the annual "book" and take the trips, which run five to seven days, alone or with their loved ones. Oh, and Basecamp makes all the travel arrangements because Fried doesn't want anyone to stress over the planning part.
度假政策是這一理論的絕佳例子。員工共有三周的假期。他們可以花費一些時間去旅行，公司會承擔所有費用。今年，他們可以選擇這樣一些旅遊的地點，比如瑪莎葡萄園，科羅拉多大峽谷，衣索比亞和義大利的維羅納。員工可以從每年的小冊子中選擇旅遊的景點，獨自前往或是和愛人一起共度五到七天的假期。當然，公司會為員工做好所有的旅遊安排，因為弗裡德不希望任何人為旅遊計畫傷神。
　　
➠ The message is clear: "We want you to take vacation. Please get out of here!" Fried said.
所有的這一切傳達了一個明確的資訊，弗裡德說：“我們希望員工去度假，請走出辦公室！”
　　
➠ The paid vacations replaced cash bonuses a few years ago. "We're spending the same amount of money and giving people experience they wouldn't have on their own. It makes them more interesting people," he said.
幾年前，帶薪休假代替了現金紅利。弗裡德說：“我們花費同樣的錢帶給員工不曾擁有的體驗，這讓他們成為更加有趣的人”。
　　
➠ Leaving the office is, unfortunately, a kind of radical notion in the tech world where companies like Amazon are famous for pushing people to the edge.
遺憾的是，走出辦公室在技術領域是一種激進的觀點，像亞馬遜公司就因為對員工“極盡壓榨”而出名。
　　
➠ "I think the industry is kind of perverted. We're an industry that likes to burn people out and not have respect for people's lives outside of work," Fried said. "You don't need to build a crazy company. You can treat people fairly and do well."
弗裡德說：“我認為這一行業的運轉模式有點變態。我們的行業傾向於壓榨員工，讓員工累得精疲力盡，不尊重員工工作之外的生活。我覺得我們無需創立這種瘋狂的公司。我們完全可以善待員工又保持公司良好運轉。”
　　
➠ Fried's company is privately held. Asked about its finances, he would say only that it makes "tens of millions of dollars" in profit.
弗裡德的公司是私人企業。當被問及公司的資金狀況時，他僅透露自己的公司盈利“數千萬美元”。
　　
➠ Basecamp does has one thing in common with the rest of the tech industry: Its employees are a relatively homogenous group. Two-thirds are men. None are African-American. "We're definitely underrepresented," Fried said, though recently he's been making more of an effort -- and actually managed to raise the percentage of women at the firm. "We're learning as we go."
貝斯卡公司和其他技術公司有一個共同點，即員工多樣性不足。三分之二是男性。沒有一個非籍美國人。弗裡德說：“我們並沒有充分的代表性。”儘管最近幾年他正在做更多的努力——實際上他已經成功提高了女性在公司中的比例。“我們一邊前進一邊學習”。
　　
➠ Things are moving slowly on the diversity front in part because the company doesn't hire often. The people-friendly culture helps keep turnover very low. Only a handful of workers have left Basecamp over the past 15 years, Fried said.
因為人員流動率低，貝斯卡公司的職工多元性自然受限。加上公司以人為本，跳槽的現象甚是少見。弗裡德說，在過去的15年裡只有一小部分人離開了公司。
　　
➠ The low turnover helps offset the cost of those generous benefits. Hiring and training new employees is expensive, something that Fried emphasizes when he's touting the upside of offering all those goodies.
人才流失率低，對大筆的福利支出也算有所補償。弗裡德在宣揚高福利的好處時，強調招聘和培訓新員工是很昂貴的。
　　
➠ Still, even for companies that can't afford the fancy stuff, Fried argued that simply encouraging workers to put in a reasonable 40-hour week would be a huge deal.
弗裡德說，即便是那些無力支付誘人福利的公司，僅僅是鼓勵員工一周合理工作40小時，也可以解決很大的問題。
　　
➠ "It's a valuable benefit that people don't think of as a benefit," he said. "That alone, and encouraging people to get a good night's sleep, that's going to pay off in big ways."
“儘管人們不把合理工作時間視為福利，但它其實是很寶貴的一種福利。”他說：“鼓勵人們不要超時工作，並睡個好覺，就會給你帶來巨大的回報”。
　　
◙ Vocabulary ◙
✎ gross somebody out: 讓某人覺得噁心
✎ sabbatical: 較長的假期
✎ rationale: 基本原理
✎ homogenous: 同質的；同類的
✎ tout: 高度評價；過分誇獎

Job-seekers know from harsh experience that the toughest hurdle in a job search is getting the interview. Once you get the interview, you've got some control over the process -- at that stage, you just have to do your research, and be on your game.
求職者們都從經歷過的殘酷現實中明白一個道理，那就是在求職中最難的就是怎樣得到面試機會。一旦你得到了面試的機會，你就在這個過程中掌握了一些主動權，在這個階段後，你就只需要做一些調查，然後發揮好就可以。
The resume has a harder job than you do. It's got to get you in the door. That's why it's essential for job-seekers to avoid these five resume-killing phrases. Take a look -- are any of these toxic claims poisoning your resume now?
在這個過程中，簡歷擔負的責任要比你本身擔負的要重得多。它將你帶入工作的大門。這就是求職者要避免在簡歷中使用以下5個"簡歷殺手"句子的原因了。看一看吧，你的簡歷中是否有這些句子呢？
　　
✠ 1."I am the best candidate for the job."✠
"我是適合這份工作的最佳人選。"
At the resume stage, this is an irresponsible and presumptuous thing to say. Obviously, you don't know who else is applying for the job or how your qualifications stack up. Say instead, "I am very interested and believe I'm qualified for the job." Then, use the next sentence of your resume or cover letter to say how.
在簡歷上說這句話是很不負責任、過於自負的行為。很明顯，你不知道還有哪些人在應聘該職位，也不知道你的條件是否比得上別人。你可以這樣說："我對該職位非常有興趣，並且我相信我有資格勝任此份工作。"然後，用簡歷上的下一句話或者求職信來說明你符合資格的原因。
　　
✠ 2."I have a proven track record of success."✠
"我有成功的經驗。"
Apart from its 10-out-of-10 rating on the Legendary Cliche scale, this sentence makes no sense. What other kind of track record is there? There's no such thing as an unproven track record. The "success" bit on the end only lowers the perceived IQ of the writer. Replace this boilerplate phrase with a story about something specific you did to help your last employer.
除了是百分百的陳詞濫調外，這句話沒有一點意義。還能有什麼樣的業績記錄呢？未被證實的記錄壓根就不存在。用在句尾的"成功"一詞只不過讓別人覺得筆者的智商低。還是詳細地描述你曾經做過的對你前任上司有幫助的事情來代替這一陳詞濫調吧。
　　
✠ 3. "I left this job because of disagreements with management."✠
"我離職的原因是和管理層不合。"
I would never advise you to lie on a resume, but the problems-with-management message stands out like a neon sign on a resume and spells trouble. Instead say, "A shift in organizational priorities made this role less of a fit for me over time" or, "I'd learned a ton at that job, but it was time to go."
我永遠不會叫你在簡歷上撒謊，但是在簡歷上透露和管理層有矛盾就好像是一個突兀點，這也會給你帶來麻煩的。你可以這樣說："隨著時間的推移，在公司組織事務上的變遷使得這份工作不再適合我。"或者"我在那個工作上已經學會了很多東西，是時候邁出前進的步伐了。"
　　
✠ 4."I am an out-of-the-box thinker."✠
"我是創新的思想家。"
The thing about true out-of-the-box thinkers is they'd never use this clich. Don't tell us that you're creative. Give us an example of your creativity, like "I revamped the Accounts Payable process and saved our company $1M."
真正的創新思想家是不會說出這句陳詞濫調的。不要告訴我們你是有創意的。給我們一個你創新的實例吧，比如"我修正了應付帳系統，並為我們公司節約了一百萬美金。"
　　
✠ 5."My qualifications are evident."✠
"我的資質是顯而易見的。"
Don't assume that your qualifications shine though -- spell them out for us. Employers want to know that you're qualified for this job, and that means you've got to customize your resume (as well as your cover letter) for every single opening you apply for. The extra time investment is worth it -- there's a good job available for someone, and it might as well be you!
不要想當然地認為你的資料非常突出，向我們表達出來吧。雇主都想知道你能夠勝任此份工作，這就意味著你要為應聘的每一個職位定制一份簡歷。這些額外投入的時間是值得的，每個人都會有一份好工作的，很可能這份好工作就是你的。

★ If you’re getting plenty of job interviews without any job offers, it’s time to think about what could be going wrong. Since you’re making it past the initial screening, the problem is unlikely to be your résumé or cover letter. That means that it could be your interview skills, something about your experience that isn’t obvious from your résumé or even your references. Here are six ways to explore why you’re not getting job offers.
☆ 如果自己經歷了很多面試，但是就是沒有收到工作邀請，那麼是時候該想一想問題出在了哪裡。既然你通過了第一層篩選，那麼問題就不是出在自己的簡歷或求職信上。很可能是自己的面試技巧出現了問題。你的面試沒有充分表現你簡歷或推薦信所寫的內容。下面為大家探究面試過後無offer，6種方法找出原因。
　　
★ 1. Check your references. It’s possible that your chances are falling apart post-interview when employers call your references. Even if you think your references are glowing, you might be surprised to find that’s not the case. It’s worth having a trusted, professional-sounding friend call your references and make sure that nothing is being said that could hold you back.
☆ 1. 檢查自己的推薦信。面試失敗很可能是因為雇主看了你的推薦信。雖然你認為自己的推薦信充滿亮點，但事實可能並非如此。讓一個信得過的、專業的朋友幫你看推薦信是十分必要的，這個朋友可以幫你檢查推薦信裡是否有給你減分的內容。
　　
★ 2. Try some mock interviews with someone who can assess your interviewing skills. Have a friend or other contact conduct a mock interview with you and give you feedback on how you’re coming across. The ideal person to help you with this is someone who has significant experience doing hiring, but as long as your helper is blunt and relatively insightful, you should get some helpful feedback this way.
☆ 2. 嘗試模擬面試，找到可以給自己進行面試技巧評估的人。找一個朋友或其他相關的人為自己進行一場模擬面試，之後提供一些回饋。一個在招聘方面經驗豐富的人是最理想的人選。不過只要你的幫助者夠直率且見解深刻，你都會得到有益的回饋。
　　
★ 3. Ask for feedback from past interviewers. Reach out to any past interviewers with whom you felt particular rapport and ask if you can buy them coffee and pick their brain for 20 minutes about how you can become a stronger candidate. Your email request could sound something like this: “I really appreciate you taking the time to talk with me about the assistant manager job last week. I want to ask you a favor: Could I buy you coffee and pick your brain for 20 minutes about how I can better position myself for this type of work? Please know that I’m not seeking a reconsideration of your decision, just asking for any insights that might help me move closer to the type of work I’d like to do. I know you’re busy, so if a phone call is easier, I’d be grateful for that as well!”
☆ 3.諮詢之前面試官的意見。找到之前的面試官，你覺得這些人很友好，就問一問是不是可以和他們喝杯咖啡，耽誤他們20分鐘問問他們的意見，怎樣才可以成為更有競爭優勢的候選人。你可以這樣發一封電子郵件：“我真的十分感謝上周您花時間和我談了助理經理這份工作。不知道您是不是可以幫我一個忙：不知道有沒有機會和您喝杯咖啡，耽誤您20分鐘時間，和您談談怎樣才能讓自己更適合這類工作？請明白，我不是希望您重新考慮自己的決定，我只是想想您請教如何才能使自己更適合這類工作。我知道您很忙，所以如果可以和您通一次電話，我也會十分感謝。
　　
★ 4. Look at who was ultimately hired for the jobs you interviewed for. Go back and look at the positions you interviewed for but didn’t get, and see who ended up getting the job. Search the company’s website or LinkedIn to find out who they hired and what that person’s background is. You might learn that the people who are beating you out have more experience or a different type of background, and that information can help inform your thinking about what types of jobs to pursue.
☆ 4. 關注成功獲得你面試職位的人。回去看一看自己面試失敗的職位，看一看誰最終得到了那份工作。查看該公司的網站或者LinkedIn，看一看該公司錄取人員是誰，並查看這個人的背景是怎樣的。你可能會看到這個把你踢出局的人經驗更豐富，或者有一個不同的背景。這樣的資訊可以説明自己瞭解這類工作要找的人是怎樣的。
　　
★ 5. Change the way you’re preparing for interviews. How much interview prep do you do before each meeting? The reality is, the more you’re prepared, the better you’ll usually do. If you're not practicing your answers to likely questions and preparing examples from your past work that clearly demonstrate why you'd excel at the job, this might be why your interviews aren’t panning out. Try changing the way you prepare and see if the outcome changes.
☆ 5. 改變面試準備方式。每次面試之前，你都做了多少準備？事實是，準備越充分，表現會越好。如果對於相關問題沒有做出一定練習，或者沒有對之前的工作經驗—可以說明自己勝任這份工作—做出明確說明，很可能導致面試失敗。改變自己的面試方式，看一看是不是結果也不同了。
　　
★ 6. Ask yourself whether your frustration is coming across to interviewers. If you’ve been job searching for a while, you might be feeling frustrated or desperate. And while that’s understandable, if interviewers pick up on it, it can be the kiss of death for job offers. If you know that you’re radiating negativity, you might be better off taking a break from your search until you can approach interviews with less emotional baggage.
☆ 6. 問問自己的低落情緒是否影響到了面試官。如果已經找了一段時間的工作，自己很可能出現迷惑或絕望。雖然這可以理解，但是如果面試官看到這一點，這對求職是致命的。如果你渾身上下都充滿了負能量，最好是休息一段時間，不要找工作，直到沒有太多精神包袱的時候，再開始找工作。

Be careful when playing Santa at the office. Giving certain gifts could get you in trouble.
扮聖誕老人在辦公室裡大派禮物可要當心。送禮不當可能會惹禍上身的。
A Victoria's Secret gift card for the cute girl who works in the neighboring cubicle? Not appropriate. A dictionary for the new co-worker whose misspellings on email you've had to correct? It probably won't be appreciated.
例如，給臨桌的可愛女孩送張Victoria's Secret性感內衣的代金卡？這可不太合適。或者給在電子郵件中常犯拼寫錯誤，弄得你要幫他糾正的新同事送本字典？這或許也不會讓對方心生感激。
Here are some guidelines for appropriate gift giving in the workplace
下面提供了一些工作場合適宜的送禮建議：
　　
➤送上司：
Generally, it's not appropriate to give your boss a gift. It can come with mixed messages. People worry that it seems like you are trying to buy favoritism.
一般來講，給上司送禮物是不合適的。這樣做可能會傳遞一些複雜的資訊。人們擔心這看上去好像是你在討好上司。✽
Instead, see if co-workers would like to contribute to a gift for the boss from the whole office. If you're charged with buying the gift, stick with office-related items or something that fits with the subject of your company's work. Or, if your boss has a hobby or interest, such as golf, consider a gift that plays to that.
相反，看看同事是否願意湊錢、以整個辦公室的名義給上司送個禮物。如果你負責買禮物，要買與辦公有關的用品，或是符合公司工作內容的禮物。如果你的上司有什麼興趣或愛好的話，比如打高爾夫球，你還可以考慮買相應的物品作為禮物。✽
　　
➤送同事：
You and co-workers also can chip in to get small gifts for people working under you, like the receptionist or mailroom staff.
你和同事還可以湊錢給級別比你們低的同事買點小禮物，比如前臺或收發室的人。✽
If you're exchanging gifts with co-workers, it's best to buy something simple for everyone in your team or group. Keep individual gift giving outside the office.
如果你要和同事互換禮物，最好是買些對你們小組或團隊中每個人都適用的簡單禮物。不要在辦公室裡單獨送禮物。✽
For the boss as well as co-workers, avoid items that are too personal--say, perfume, scented bath products, jewelry, lingerie or other clothing. Also steer away from alcohol and tobacco products.
無論是對上司還是同事，都要避免送過於私人性的禮物，比如香水、帶香味的沐浴產品、珠寶、內衣或其他衣服。此外，還要避免送煙酒。✽
Gag gifts can cause problems as well. "Not everyone translates humor the way you might" and you risk off ending someone. Cash is a no-no as are gifts that are too expensive. You're going to look like you are just trying to win favor.
帶有惡作劇性質的禮物也可能會帶來問題。並非每個人都會以你那樣的方式欣賞幽默，你可能會冒犯什麼人。現金或是過於貴重的禮物都是禁忌。因為這些讓你看起來好像是在努力贏得好感。✽
You don't have to reciprocate if a co-worker gives you a gift.
如果同事送禮物給你，你不一定要回贈。✽
　　
➤送客戶：
It's your call whether to buy gifts for clients, vendors or people you have a professional relationship with outside the office.
是否要給客戶、供應商或辦公室以外和你有業務關係的人買禮物，這就要你自己拿主意了。✽
If your office sends out gifts to clients and vendors, there's no need to do something on top of that. Write a nice card if you feel like that person really made your year.
如果你們辦公室給客戶或供應商送了禮物，你就沒有必要再額外送了。如果你覺得對方在這一年裡真是你的貴人，那麼就送張精美的卡片。✽
If you decide to buy gifts for clients or vendors, make sure their company guidelines allow them to accept gifts. You also should check your company's gift-giving guidelines, especially if you plan to use company funds to purchase presents.
如果你決定給客戶或供應商買禮物，要確保他們的公司行為守則允許他們接受禮物。你還應該查看自己公司的送禮規定，特別是如果你打算用公司的錢買禮物的話。✽
If you attend a holiday party with colleagues in someone's home, make sure you bring a hostess gift. While wine is usually a popular hostess gift, it may not always be appropriate if it's a work event. A nice box of chocolates or a poinsettia plant are good options.
如果你和同事到別人家裡開節日派對，一定要給女主人帶一份禮物。儘管葡萄酒通常是非常受歡迎的禮物，但如果是與工作相關的活動，就並不一定合適了。這時一盒上好的巧克力或者一株一品紅都是不錯的選擇。✽

✎✐日本小鎮有望書寫“零廢物”傳奇✎✐
Kamikatsu – Japan’s aspiring zero-waste town
　　
✒ We’ve heard many stories of individuals across the world who’ve adopted a zero-waste lifestyle, but it’s not often that we come across an entire community that is trying to become waste-free. The residents of Kamikatsu, Japan, take recycling so seriously that they actually hope to become the nation’s first zero-waste community by 2020.
採取“零廢物”生活方式的個人屢見不鮮，力圖實現“無廢棄”目標的群體倒很少見。日本上勝町的居民在回收利用廢物時相當嚴謹，事實上，他們希望到2020年時，能把家鄉建設成日本首個“零廢物”小鎮。
✒ Kamikatsu has no garbage trucks – so residents need to compost their kitchen scraps at home. They also have to wash and sort the rest of their trash into 34 different categories, and bring it to the recycling center themselves where workers make sure that the waste goes into the correct bins. It apparently took some time for the residents to get used to this rule, but they eventually managed to adapt to the drastic changes and are now seeing them as normal.
上勝町沒有垃圾車——因而居民需要在家中將廚餘垃圾製成堆肥。除此之外，他們必須先清洗廢物，並對照34種分類標準一一歸類，然後再將其送至回收中心，那裡的工人會確保廢物被正確放入相應的回收箱。顯然，適應回收規則需要時間，但上勝町的居民最終成功適應了這些巨變，並漸漸變得習以為常。
✒ The Japanese town has turned recycling into a streamlined process – there are separate bins for different types of paper products – newspapers, magazines, cartons, and flyers. Even plastic bottles and their caps go into different bins as do aluminum, spray, and steel cans are collected separately too. Many of these items are resold or repurposed into usable clothing, toys, and accessories. The labels on each bin show the recycling process for that specific item, so the residents know exactly what happens to their trash.
這個日本小鎮讓回收過程變得既精簡又高效——上勝町針對各類紙製品（譬如報紙、雜誌、紙箱及傳單）設置了不同的回收箱。甚至連塑膠瓶和瓶蓋都必須分開投放，鋁罐、噴霧罐和鋼罐也必須歸類至不同的回收箱。人們會再次出售某些廢物，或將其重新用於衣物、玩具和首飾上。每個回收箱都貼有展示此類廢物回收過程的標籤，這樣，居民們就能清楚得知廢物的處理方式。
✒ Reuse is highly encouraged in Kamikatsu – they have a local kuru-kuru shop where residents can exchange used items with new things at no extra cost. And the kuru-kuru factory employs women to make bags, clothes, and stuffed dolls out of discarded items. Businesses are also encouraged to participate in responsible waste management – the town has a zero-waste brewery, housed in a building constructed of reused materials.
上勝町特別鼓勵居民重複使用物品——當地設有kuru-kuru商店，人們可以以舊換新，而無需支付額外費用。kuru-kuru工廠會雇傭女工用廢棄物品製作包包、衣物或填充玩偶。上勝町支持各類企業參與廢物管理以增強企業的責任感——小鎮裡有一家“零廢物”釀酒廠，它位於採用可再生材料建造的房屋內。
✒ With a population of just over 1,700, Kamikatsu recycles about 80 percent of its trash and only 20 percent goes to landfills, so you could say that the town is very close to achieving its goal. They’ve been practicing prudent waste management for the past 13 years after declaring their zero-waste ambition in 2003 and giving up their old practice of dumping trash into open fires.
小鎮僅有1700多人，卻回收了近八成的廢物，需要運至垃圾填築地的廢物只剩兩成，從某種程度上來說，小鎮已快要達成“零廢物”的目標。2003年時，上勝町宣稱要實現此目標，他們放棄了焚燒垃圾的舊做法。此後的13年裡，他們始終嚴格踐行廢物管理規則。
✒ “If you get used to it, it becomes normal,” a Kamikatsu resident said in a video made by YouTube channel Seeker Stories. “It can be a pain, and at first we were opposed to the idea. Now I don’t think about it. It’s become natural to separate the trash correctly.”
“當你習慣回收廢物後，這事兒就會顯得很平常，”在YouTube“探索者所見” （Seeker Stories）頻道攝製的錄影中，一位元上勝町的居民如是說道。“回收廢物很麻煩，我們起初都反對這一提議。但現在，我根本不會想太多。對我來說，正確分類廢物再自然不過了。”
✒ All the recycling facilities in Kamikatsu are managed by a Zero Waste Academy which also regularly hosts groups of local schoolchildren and foreign visitors, educating them on the benefits of a zero waste lifestyle. Every years, the Academy receives around 2,500 visitors from all around the world, all eager to learn more about zero-waste and how Kamikatsu has managed to implement its principles in such a short period of time.
上勝町所有的回收廠都歸零廢物協會管理，該協會還定期組織當地小學生及外國遊客參觀學習，教導他們採取“零廢物”生活方式的益處。每年，協會都會接待2500多人到訪，這些來自世界各地的人渴望能更多地瞭解“零廢物”，同時也迫切想知道上勝町在短時間內成功踐行廢物管理規則的秘訣。

◎ 大家一起來作題，加強字彙戰鬥力!選出【】中的近義字哦。

♚♚那些年我們熟讀的孔子語錄♚♚
　　
《論語》記錄了孔子一生的精闢言論及見解，發人深省。我們上學時都曾經熟讀並且背誦過一些《論語》中的句子。今天我們來看看翻譯成英文版的孔子語錄是什麼樣子的。
　　
❀ 溫故而知新，可以為師矣。
If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.

☼☼☼　如何實現新年目標，心理學家給你答案　☼☼☼
⇨How to keep your New Year's resolutions, according to science⇦
　　
✽ Learn Spanish? Finally quit smoking? Become a better cook? Whatever you've decided to achieve next year, you know all too well that you're probably going to fail, and that list of beautiful, aspirational goals is staying unfulfilled. Sorry.
想要學好西班牙語？下定決心徹底戒煙？希望廚藝有所進步？不管來年的目標是什麼，你再清楚不過了，這些目標很可能都不會實現。那一個個懷揣著美好希望和滿腔鬥志的目標終究還是“目標”，無法實現。多麼遺憾！
✽ For this very reason some people forgo making any resolutions altogether, so we're here to help - this year you might actually have a chance, with help from a few tricks of the mind.
正因如此，一些人乾脆打消了制定目標的念頭。但不用著急，本文會和大家分享幾個“小竅門”，讓實現目標成為可能。
✽ British psychologist Richard Wiseman has done several surveys on willpower - in 2007 he tracked the success of 3,000 people's New Year's resolutions, only to find that a mere 12 percent of them managed to achieve what they had set out to do. He looked into what the successful people were doing differently, and, based on their experience, devised a list of tips for others who want to stop failing miserably.
英國心理學家理查·懷斯曼做過很多關於意志力的調查。2007年，他對3000人進行了追蹤調查，統計他們新年目標的實現情況，結果僅有12%的人完成了自己之前制定的目標。他又對成功實現目標的人做了進一步調查，發現了一些與眾不同的方法，最後他通過實驗得出了幾條建議，來説明那些一度無法實現目標的人。
✽ Before we get into the list, it turns out the number one thing to stop relying on is your own willpower - that's basically the worst approach to keeping a resolution, and is the reason why so many of us never start exercising more, continue eating all that fried chicken, and still can't speak a word of French.
在學習這些“竅門”之前，你要意識到無法實現目標的“罪魁禍首”就是依賴於意志力，這可以說是最差勁的辦法。想想你為什麼無法加強鍛煉，無法抗拒炸雞的誘惑，無法說出一句法語，癥結就在於此吧。
✽ What should you be doing instead? As Wiseman explained on his blog back in 2013, your goals should be small and manageable, you should document your success, tell others about your intentions, and, importantly, not beat yourself up for failing. Here’s the complete list of Wiseman’s advice:
那麼，你應該怎麼做呢？早在2013年懷斯曼就在博客上給出了答案：目標不必太大，要在能力範圍內，而且應該記錄下目標實現的過程，告訴別人你要做什麼，最重要的是，不要被失敗擊倒。下面是懷斯曼給出的十大建議：
　　
① If possible, make only one resolution - changing a lot of things at once is more difficult.
　盡可能只制定一個目標。一次性做太多改變是相當困難的。

✷✷✷面試最後階段一定不能問的17個問題✷✷✷
17 questions you should never ask at the end of a job interview
　　
When you're in the hot seat, there's a good chance your interviewer will turn the tables at some point and ask, "Do you have any questions for me?"
當面試官問完問題後，他可能會轉而問你：“你有沒有什麼問題要問我呢？”
When you have the floor, you'll want to take full advantage of the opportunity to show that you've done your homework and to determine if the job is a good fit.
當有機會發問時，你要充分利用這個機會來表示你來面試之前做了多少功課，並且判斷這份工作是否適合你。
But it's imperative that you put just as much thought into what you ask as you do your responses to their questions, because your queries may reflect your knowledge of the company, your work ethic, your level of professionalism, and your interest in the role.
在問問題前要像你在回答問題時一樣要多考慮，因為你的問題會反映出你對公司的瞭解程度、職業道德、專業水準和個人興趣等。
　　
"In the first interview, you'll want to be sure to ask the right questions. Ask about the job and company; not questions that can come off as self-serving and give the impression you may not be a team player or be willing to give 100%," says Amy Hoover, president of the job board.
網站求職板塊負責人艾米·胡佛說：“你第一次面試時，一定要問對問題。問些與你的職位和公司的情況有關的問題，所提出的問題不能讓面試官覺得你是個自私自利、缺乏團隊意識、不思奉獻之人。”
She continued: "The sole purpose of the interview is to determine if you are a good fit for the company, and if it's a good fit for you. All the other issues and concerns should be addressed during negotiations after the job offer has been made."
她還說：“面試的唯一目的在於確定面試者否是公司想要的人，以及這個工作是否適合你。其他的問題在公司決定錄用你之後商量。”
　　
Here are 17 questions you'll want to avoid during the first job interview, as they may do more harm than good:
以下17個問題是找工作面試時必須迴避的，問這些問題一絲好處都沒有。
✪ What does your company do?
公司是做什麼的？
Questions like this will make you look unprepared. To avoid that, never ask anything that can easily be answered with a Google search.
這類問題會暴露出對於這場面試，你沒有做絲毫的準備。為避免這類問題，你不能問一些輕易能從Google找到答案的問題。
✪ What will my salary be?
請問薪資是多少？
Hold off on the money talk.
避免涉及薪資的問題。
✪ Will I have to work long hours?
這份工作的工作時間會很長嗎？
This says, "I'm lazy."
你的潛臺詞是說：“我是一個很懶的人。”
✪ How soon can I take a vacation?
我多久可以休一次假？
Wait until you're offered the job before you start asking these types of questions.
在你被公司錄用之前，不要涉及這類問題。
✪ How quickly could I be considered for a promotion?
我多久能升職？
Focus on the job at hand.
應先關注目前的工作。
✪ When will I be eligible for a raise?
什麼時候能加薪？
This may tell the interviewer that money is the only thing you care about.
這相當於告訴面試官，錢是你唯一在意的東西。
✪ Will I have my own office?
我有自己的辦公室嗎？
Does it really matter?
這個問題很重要嗎？
✪ What happens if I don't get along with my boss or coworkers?
要是我和我的上司或者同事相處不來怎麼辦？
The interviewer may wonder if you've had problems with colleagues in the past — and they may even assume you're difficult to work with.
面試官會覺得你和之前的同事是不是有過不愉快，甚至會懷疑你是不是很難相處。
✪ Will I have an expense account?
我有報銷帳戶嗎？
There's really no reason to ask this in the interview. Plus, it sends the wrong message.
面試時完全沒有理由問這個問題，而且，這會傳達出錯誤的資訊。
✪ Are you married?/Do you have kids?/etc.
你結婚了嗎？你有小孩了嗎？等等這類問題
Never, ever ask the interviewer any personal questions.
一定不要問你面試官任何私人問題。
✪ Can I make personal calls during the day?
工作時我能打私人電話嗎？
This one says you're not 100% focused on your work.
這個問題說明你沒有全身心投入到你的工作中。
✪ I heard this rumor about the CEO. Is it true?
關於總裁的傳言是真的嗎？
You should never bring gossip into a job interview. It's highly unprofessional.
工作面試的時候永遠不要八卦，八卦會顯得你非常不專業。
✪ Do you monitor emails or internet usage?
你們會對郵件和上網進行監視嗎？
This question will raise red flags — something you definitely don't want to do in the interview.
這個問題會讓面試亮紅燈——面試絕對不能問這種問題。
✪ Do you do background checks?
公司會調查員工背景嗎？
This one may also make the interviewer suspicious.
這個問題會讓面試官產生懷疑。
✪ Can I arrive early or leave late, as long as I get my work done?
只要我完成工作就可以遲到早退嗎？
Don't try to make adjustments to the schedule before you've even been offered the job.
在你得到這份工作以前，不要試圖改變工作時間。
✪ How did I do?
我表現怎麼樣？
This one puts the interviewer on the spot. If you really want feedback, wait until you get the offer or rejection, and then ask in an email what you did well, or could have done better.
這個問題會讓面試官陷入一個十分尷尬的境地。如果你真的想要得到回饋，要等面試結果出來後發郵件去詢問面試時哪裡表現得好，哪裡需要改進。
✪ Did I get the job?
我能否被公司錄用？
You don't want to appear too eager.
不要表現得太急於得到這份工作。
Bonus: The worst question of all is the one you never ask.
　　
附加忠告：沒有提任何問題是最糟的問題。
"Not asking questions can be just as bad, or worse, than asking terrible questions," says Deborah Shane, a career author, speaker, and media consultant. "It can reveal a lot about your communication skills, personality, and confidence — and it can leave the interviewer with a bad impression of you."
職業作家、演講家、傳媒顧問黛博拉·謝恩說：“面試者沒有提出任何問題，和問錯問題一樣糟糕或者更糟糕，因為這會暴露出你在溝通技巧、性格和自信方面有很大的問題。從而讓面試官對你的印象很差。”
文章來源：http://goo.gl/1nLZ0J