字神帝國英語天地

😄如何描述商品品質😄

Chewable coffee cubes offer a new way to kickstart your day
　　
❏ San Francisco entrepreneurs Geoffrey Woo and Michael Brandt have come up with a revolutionary way for coffee lovers to get their early morning caffeine fix – chewable caffeine cubes. Each 35-calorie bite-sized ‘Go Cube’ is the equivalent of drinking roughly half a cup of coffee. So if you’re running late with no time to brew a fresh cuppa joe, just pop two cubes and you’re good to go.
❃ 來自舊金山的企業家傑佛瑞·伍和邁克爾·勃蘭特最近提出了一種革命性的方法用以滿足咖啡愛好者一大清早對咖啡因的需求——可嚼的咖啡塊。每塊“來一口”咖啡含有35卡路里。它看起來雖小，但咖啡因含量相當於半杯咖啡。所以，如果某一天你睡過頭來不及泡杯新鮮咖啡的話，只要嚼兩塊就能出門啦。
　　
❏ Go Cubes are 100 percent vegan, made of a special blend of compounds that improve memory and alertness. With a texture similar to gum drops, each cube contains 50 mg of caffeine, 10 mg of Vitamin B6, and 100 mg of L-Theanine, an amino acid found in green tea. B6 helps aid cognitive function, while theanine helps reduce the anxiety associated with a pure caffeine buzz. They also contain about six grams of sugar per cube, and come in three different flavors – pure drip, latte, and mocha.
❃ “來一口”咖啡塊的成分純素。它的配方很特殊，可以用來增強記憶力和反應能力。它外表看起來像水果泡泡糖，但每塊都含有50毫克咖啡因、10毫克維生素B6和100毫克的茶氨酸（綠茶中也含有此類氨基酸）。維生素B6可以提升人的認知能力，茶氨酸則可以減輕咖啡因帶來的焦慮現象。每塊咖啡中也含有大約6克的砂糖。咖啡塊有三種口味：滴濾、拿鐵和摩卡。
　　
❏ Brandt and Woo used crowdfunding to raise nearly $40,000, and are now all set to release Go Cubes internationally – priced at $20.70 for six packs of four. That works out to about $1.73 per cup of coffee, which is cheaper than what you get at most coffee shops.
❃ 勃蘭特和伍通過集資募集了接近4萬美金，現在“來一口”咖啡塊已經準備好推廣到全球。每盒“來一口”有四塊，每六盒的價格為20.70美元，按杯算的話相當於每杯咖啡1.73美元，這可比大部分咖啡店都便宜多了。
　　
❏ According to their Indiegogo page, “The amount, concentration, and ratio of each compound in Go Cubes were significantly drawn from double-blind, peer-reviewed journal studies that statistically demonstrate the compound’s efficacy and safety.” They have used a theanine-caffeine ratio of 2:1, which “significantly improves the cognitive performance and alertness, beyond just each compound standalone.”
❃ 他們在Indiegogo集資網頁面上的資料顯示，“每塊咖啡的淨含量、濃度和各項成分比例等都是經過全程保密和同行審閱得到的。這些資料也證明了咖啡塊效果明顯並且對人體無害。”在製作時，茶氨酸和咖啡因的比例是2:1，“只消一塊咖啡，就可以大大提高人體認知和反應能力的效果。”
　　
❏ “Our goal with Go Cubes is to combine what people love about coffee to make a cognitive-enhancing product that’s delicious, shareable, convenient, and affordable,” they revealed. “We take pride in quality products and a brand that is both smart and down-to-earth.”
❃ 他們說：“我們生產咖啡塊就是為了迎合人們對咖啡的熱愛，繼而生產出一種能有效提高認知能力、價廉味美又方便攜帶和分享的產品。如今我們擁有優質的產品和醒目又實用的品牌，這讓我們感到驕傲。”
　　
❏ As fantastic as this sounds, you can’t really shake off the feeling that Go Cubes is just a fun way of marketing brain-enhancing drugs. But that’s the perception Brandt and Woo are trying hard to fight. They want to make nootropics – chemical supplements that make people smarter and more alert – user-friendly, so that’s why they’ve chosen to package them as candy instead of pills.
❃ 雖然聽起來很棒，但或許你還是覺得“來一塊”不過是用巧妙的方式推銷一種提神醒腦的藥物罷了——換湯不換藥。但是這一觀念正是勃蘭特和伍所渴望打破的。他們希望能生產出一種增強智力和反應力又對人體無害的益智食品。在產品包裝上，他們用糖果包裝取代了原來的藥片包裝，也是出於這樣的考慮。
　　
❏ But they are quick to add that Go Cubes are not a substitute for hard work, and should be used only to enhance potential and get into a productive state of mind. “In principle, I can reach that state on my own,” Brandt said. “When I first started using nootropics, what I thought was really cool is that they can help me reliably get into that state. I can take full advantage of that time every time.”
❃ 不過他們很快補充說，咖啡塊並不能代替艱苦的勞動，它只能用於提神醒腦和啟動思維。勃蘭特說：“其實憑我自己的意志也能達到那種狀態。但當我第一次吃益智藥物的時候，我發現它確實可以有效地達到那種狀態，這讓我覺得很酷。每次我都能充分利用了那種狀態。”

Nine in ten bosses vet applicants on Facebook
　　
✤ Nine out of ten employers admit they always check social media before hiring applicants, it has been revealed.
調查顯示，九成雇主承認他們在決定聘用之前會先看看應聘者在社交網站上發的內容。
✤ Ninety-three percent use Facebook and Twitter ‘to keep tabs’ on potential candidates and to vet them pre-interview.
93%的雇主會通過Facebook和Twitter來關注潛在的雇員，並在面試前審查他們。
✤ But over half (55 percent) of recruiters have reconsidered appointing someone based on their social profile – with 61 percent of these U-turns due to ‘negative’ reasons.
超過半數（55%）的招聘人員表示，在流覽完應聘者的社交資料後，他們會重新考慮是否該招聘他們，而這種反轉有61%是因為在社交網站上看見了“負面”的內容。
✤ This includes spotting use of profanities, spelling and grammar mistakes, illegal drug references, sexual posts and mention of alcohol use.
其中包括看見說髒話，出現拼寫和語法錯誤，談及非法藥物和喝酒，發佈色情內容。
　　
✤ The findings were revealed by recruiting software company, Jobvite, which surveyed 1,855 human resources managers in industries including engineering, IT, marketing and sales.
研究的結果來自招聘軟體公司Jobvite，它調查了1855名來自工程、資訊技術、行銷等各個領域的人事經理。
✤ It comes as a separate survey of 2,000 14 to 25-year-olds by Barclay’s LifeSkills found that one in five (22 percent) admit to posting pictures from nights out.
另外一項由巴克萊公司的生活技能網站開展的對2000名14歲到24歲年輕人的獨立調查發現，五分之一（22%）的人承認曾把夜生活的照片發到網上。
✤ One in ten – 11 percent – regularly share photographs of themselves drinking.
其中十分之一（11%）的人會經常上傳他們喝酒的照片。
✤ This is despite the fact that 77 percent of young people are aware that potential employers are checking social media profiles before hiring.
儘管77%的年輕人知道潛在雇主會在聘用前查看他們的社交資料，他們仍我行我素。
✤ A quarter (24 percent) still have no privacy settings in place and a further one in ten (11 percent) are unsure if they are protected or not.
四分之一（24%）的人沒有隱私設置。此外還有超過一成（11%）的人不清楚自己有沒有隱私設置。
✤ LifeSkills was created by Barclays to help young people get the skills they need to enter the world of work.
巴克萊創立的生活技能網站旨在幫助年輕人獲取他們步入職場所需的技巧。
　　
✤ Kirstie Mackey, head of LifeSkills, said: ‘Employers are increasingly using social media to find out more about prospective candidates prior to meeting and making their hiring decisions.
生活技能網站總裁克裡斯提•麥基表示：“越來越多的雇主在面試和決定雇用前通過社交媒體來挖出潛在雇員的更多資訊。
✤ ‘In a competitive job market, it’s important to present yourself in the best possible way – both on and offline.
“在這個競爭激烈的就業市場，將你自己最完美的一面展示出來非常重要，不管是線上還是線下。”
✤ ‘You need to be shouting about positive experiences to boost your employability such as pinning top tweets demonstrating your achievements of which you are proud.’
“你得把你自己正面的經歷展示出來，來提升你被聘用的可能性，比如將你引以為傲的成就在推特上置頂。”
✤ She added that young people need to ‘spring clean’ their social media profiles.
她還補充道，年輕人得給自己的社交網站資料做一個“大掃除”。
✤ ‘It’s important to remember that what you do and say online could be seen by anyone and will be there forever,’ she said.
她說：“你得記住，你在網上的所做所言，任何人都能看見，而且會一直在那兒。
✤ ‘Decide which social networking sites you want to keep away from work and use privacy setting to ensure your New Year’s Eve party pictures don’t spoil your chances with potential employers.
“決定好哪些社交網站是要和工作隔絕的，在這些社交網站上做隱私設置，確保你新年前夜的派對狂歡照不會毀掉你潛在的工作機會。
✤ ‘Make sure you also remove/delete any social media profiles no longer in use. Just because you’re not updating your old Bebo and Myspace accounts doesn’t mean they no longer exist.’
“另外，還要確保自己刪掉那些已不再使用的社交帳戶的資料。你不再更新自己Bebo和Myspace帳戶的內容不代表以前的內容會消失。”
　　
【Vocabulary】
keep tabs on: 監視，密切注意
vet: 審查
profanity: 褻瀆；不敬的言語
spring clean: 大掃除

📝如何精雕細琢你的英文求職信📝

英語中對女性的稱呼可謂豐富，且諧趣十足。這些稱呼多用於口語，表現出稱呼者對被稱呼者的態度、情感以及彼此之間的微妙或顯而易見的關係。
　　
✿ 1、old hen 老婆子
俗語，男性用語，專用於中年以上的女性。除開玩笑的場合外，女性不太歡迎這一稱謂。因為“old hen”的字面意思是“老母雞”。這一表達的來源是：從男人們的眼光來看，母雞來回亂跑，湊在一起唧唧喳喳，或者互相對啄。Three old hens from the neighbored were standing on the corner gossiping.（有三個鄰居老婆子站在街角上說長道短。）
說到hen還要提到與hen相關的表達：hen-pecked怕老婆的，本義是“被母雞啄的”。意思是“像軟弱的公雞經常被強壯的母雞啄傷。男子懾於女性的淫威，表現得服服貼貼”。這個表達出自1690年德萊頓的喜劇《安菲特律翁》和1712發行的雜誌《旁觀者》。理解了上面的意思，那麼hen party就不難理解為“女人的聚會”。後引申為凡是只有女人參加的社交性聚會都叫hen party。與它相對的是stag party雄鹿會，只有男子參加的聚會。
　　
✿ 2、spring chicken 少女
原意“童子雞，不超過10個月的肉嫩的筍雞”。這一表達來源已久：在古時候由於孵化技術上的原因，不到春天就很難得到這樣的雞，後轉義為“少女”。Mrs. Gray may not be a granny, but she's certainly no spring chicken.（格雷夫人也許還不算老太太，但是她的年紀肯定不小啦。）
有時可直接用chick表示“小女孩兒”。That chick's a real tiger. She scratched my face when I talked back.（那小娘兒們可真是個母老虎。當我還嘴時，她竟然抓破了我的臉。）
　　
✿ 3、the little woman 老婆，太太
請注意不要漏掉定冠詞the。I promised the little woman to be home early tonight.（我答應我老婆今天晚上早回家。）偶爾也表示“你太太”。How's the little woman?（你太太好嗎？）
對太太的稱呼還有Missus，帶有戲謔的說法。I'm fine, but the missus has been a little under the weather recently.（我身體很好，但是我老婆最近有點不舒服。）有時用於對方或協力廠商的妻子。Hello, Jim. How's the missus these days?（吉姆，你好。你太太最近好嗎？）
對妻子的稱呼另有one's better half。這一表達是以基督教的男女結婚合成一體的教義為基礎的。I promised to take my better half shopping this afternoon.（我答應我妻子今天下午帶她去買東西。）
　　
✿ 4、one's ball and chain 老婆
本義是“帶有重鐵球的腳鐐”。過去犯人在戶外勞動時，為防止他們逃跑而帶上這種刑具。把丈夫像犯人似地束縛起來，轉用於玩笑中指“老婆”。Yes, I'm going to the party tonight, but I'll have to drag along my ball and chain.（是呀，我要參加今天的社交晚會，但是我必須帶著我家的母老虎。）Lady of the house也指“老婆，屋裡頭的”。
　　
✿ 5、one's old lady 老娘，某人的母親
此處的old並不表示“老，年紀大”，與an old lady“老太太”不同。Her old lady is very young.（她老娘很年輕。）這樣的說法很自然。但有時可能有人不喜歡，所以使用時要注意場合。在談到自己的母親時，可以加定冠詞，作the old lady。The old lady has gone to bed.（俺娘已經睡下了。）
那fat lady指的什麼呢？先看例句：The opera is not over until the fat lady sings.（關鍵人物出面問題才會解決。）原來fat lady是在歌劇中演壓軸戲的女主角，俗稱“大姐大”。說到one's old lady，順便提及one's old man老爸，老頭。His old man is thirty.他老頭30歲了。在指“家父”時，加定冠詞，作the old man。I'll have to ask the old man.（我得去問問我爸爸。）
　　
✿ 6、doll 美人
本義“洋娃娃”。在男性使用的場合僅指“美人”，並無頭腦簡單的意思。Get a load of that doll over there. I wonder what her name is.（你瞧瞧那邊的那位美人喲！）不知道她叫什麼名字。女性把doll翻版用作對男性的稱呼，表示“有魅力的英俊男子”。Isn't the captain of the baseball team a doll?（棒球隊長是不是很帥？）有時doll表示“可愛的姑娘”。My brother's new girlfriend is a doll.（我弟弟新近交的女朋友是個挺可愛的姑娘。）
　　
✿ 7、skirt 青年女子
這一表達來源於女性穿的裙子，與中國舊時用“裙釵”表女子是一樣的構思。這一說法僅限於男子對女性的稱呼，因為女性並不喜歡這一稱呼。There are a lot of good-looking skirts among the freshmen this year.（在今年新入學的大學一年級學生中，有很多好看的姑娘。）
　　
✿ 8、clinging vine 會撒嬌的女子；依賴男子的女人
像繞在樹上的爬藤一樣總挎著男人胳膊的女人。Every time we invite Bill to dinner, he shows up with one of his clinging vines.（我們每次請比爾吃飯的時候，他總是帶著一位貼在身上撒嬌的女人。）這一習語多用於未婚的女性。
在用於已婚女性時，意思是“不能獨立，依賴男人生活的女人”。Why don't you do something by yourself for a change? When I married you I didn't realize you were such a clinging vine.（你為什麼不改變一下，自己做點什麼事情呢？我跟你結婚時，我不知道你是這樣一個沒有獨立能力的女人。）
　　
✿ 9、a plain Jane 不起眼的女人
這裡的plain是“不惹人注目的，樸素的”，而Jane是一般女人名，plain與Jane合轍押韻。I wonder why a handsome man like Jeff married such a plain Jane.（我很奇怪像傑夫這樣出色的男子怎麼會與一個不怎麼起眼的姑娘結婚。）
　　
✿ 10、jailbait 禍水妞兒
一般指11-15歲有姿色的少女。jail是“監獄”，bait是“誘餌”，押母韻，合起來就是“使人進監獄的誘餌”。認為美色誘發犯罪顯然是想推脫關係，對女性極不公平。She's a beautiful girl—but beware, she's jailbait.（她是個漂亮姑娘，但是要當心，可是個禍水妞兒啊。）
大家在使用這些女性稱呼時，一定要注意其中的褒貶含義，分清場合和彼此的身份，避免誤會或引起尷尬。

如何推銷你的意見

Nine in ten feel phantom phone vibrations
　
➔Many of us have reached in our pockets, feeling a vibration, wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung.
許多人都曾有過這樣的錯覺：覺得手機在振動，於是去口袋拿手機，結果手機根本沒響。
The phenomenon even has a name: "phantom vibration syndrome" – and found it is surprisingly common.
這一現象甚至有自己的名稱，叫“振動幻聽綜合症”。研究顯示這種症狀極為常見，很多人都有。
Now scientists believe that we are so alert for phone calls and messages we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms as proof of a call.
目前科學家認為，這是因為人們對電話和短信太過敏感，從而把輕微的肌肉痙攣誤當作是來電的信號。
　
➔Robert Rosenberger, an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls.
喬治亞理工學院的助理教授羅伯特·羅森伯格對手機幻聽現象進行了研究。
He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on "silent".
羅森伯格稱，手機幻聽人士會有一種隱約的麻刺感，他們以為是靜音狀態下手機的來電或短信提醒。
But when the device is retrieved, there was no one on the other end.
但把手機拿過來才發現它根本沒響。
　
➔Dr. Rosenberger said "I find so many people say, 'This happens to me, but I thought I was the only one, I thought I was weird.'"
羅森伯格博士表示，他發現很多患者會說“我有手機幻聽，但以為只有我自己這樣，還一度覺得自己不太正常。”
It seems that the syndrome particularly affects people at the beck and call of mobile phones or pagers.
人們在等待電話或呼叫器呼叫時，這種症狀似乎尤其容易出現。
　
➔A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 per cent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations.
2010年，邁克爾·羅斯柏格和同事對麻塞諸塞州的一所醫院進行了調查研究，發現近70%醫生的手機有過“幽靈震動”。
A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 per cent.
而在最近針對美國大學生的一項研究中，有震動幻聽的人數高達90%。
While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered a grave problem.
儘管越來越多的人受到手機幻聽的干擾，但人們似乎並沒把它當作一個嚴重的問題。
　
➔Dr. Rosenberger said: "It’s not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. That’s just the name that’s got stuck to it."
羅森伯格博士說：“嚴格來說，手機幻聽其實不是一種病。我們只是給它起了一個這樣的名字而已。”
He added: "Only 2 per cent of people consider it a problem."
他補充道：“只有2%的人重視這個問題。”
While widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer phantom calls.
儘管“幽靈來電”越來越普遍，但科學界並未投入太多精力來深究其產生的根本原因。
　
➔Dr Rosenberger said: "People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy."
羅森伯格博士說：“人們猜測幻聽的產生可能與緊張情緒有關。”
"The cognitive scientists are talking about brain chemistry, cognitive pathways changing. But it’s not like they have brain scans to go on."
“認知學家認為這是一種腦化學反應，導致認知路徑發生了改變。但他們並未通過腦部掃描來進一步證明這一點。”
He said: "We have a phone call in our pocket all the time and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves."
他說：“我們兜裡的手機經常會響，這種情況已經成為我們本身的一部分了。”
"We have this sort of readiness to experience a call. We feel something and we think, OK, that could be a call."
“我們隨時準備著接電話。有了類似手機振動的感覺，我們會想，嗯，應該是來電話了。”

Students will now be able to snooze between classes, as the ASUC has just opened several designated napping areas across campus.
加州大學柏克萊分校學生會，近日在校園裡開設了幾個特定的休息區，供學生們在課間小睡。
　　
The office held a launch event for these Relaxation Enhancing Study and Tranquility, or REST, Zones last week on Sproul. The zones are located in Bechtel Engineering Center, Wurster Hall, Eshleman Hall and the Tang Center.
"I really want to introduce this new mindset -- that it's O.K. to nap and it's O.K. to take a break, especially when so many students at this school are affected by mental health issues," said ASUC Academic Affairs Vice President Melissa Hsu.
　　
The REST Zones consist of small areas outfitted with comfortable lounge chairs. The first four zones will accommodate a total of about 15 students at one time, according to Hsu.
The creation of the REST Zones and their furniture was funded by the Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Student Services and Fees, or CACSSF, and the Wellness Initiative Fee. CACSSF contributed $80,000 while the fee provided an additional $12,000 directly to the zones and another $12,000 to the Tang Center for related marketing.
Much of this funding was acquired by Hsu, who began advocating for the creation of REST Zones more than a year ago.
　　
"I noticed … that people weren't getting enough sleep, and that directly related to their mood," Hsu said.
According to Maddy Abroms, the director of the REST Zones project, in a survey on wellness, "one of the biggest complaints among students is a lack of sleep."
One of the sources of funds, the wellness referendum, was passed by the ASUC last spring and allocates funds for student wellness, including mental health. A $54 per-semester fee, included in student tuition, goes toward the Tang Center and other mental and physical health services such as the REST Zones.
　　
♚ relaxation -n.鬆弛，放鬆；休息；消遣；娛樂
參考例句：
The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.
部長一向反對法律上的任何放寬。
She listens to classical music for relaxation.
她聽古典音樂放鬆。
♚ affected -adj.不自然的，假裝的
參考例句：
She showed an affected interest in our subject.
她假裝對我們的課題感到興趣。
His manners are affected.
他的態度不自然。
♚ vice -n.壞事；惡習；[pl.]臺鉗，老虎鉗；adj.副的
參考例句：
He guarded himself against vice.
他避免染上壞習慣。
They are sunk in the depth of vice.
他們墮入了罪惡的深淵。
♚ outfit-v.裝備，配置設備，供給服裝
參考例句：
They outfitted for the long journey. 
他們為遠途旅行準備裝束。 
They outfitted him with artificial legs. 
他們為他安了假腿。 
♚ advisory -adj.勸告的，忠告的，顧問的，提供諮詢
參考例句：
I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.
我曾在多家醫院做過顧問工作。
He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.
他上個月獲任命為顧問委員會委員。
♚ marketing -n.行銷，在市場的買賣，買東西
參考例句：
They are developing marketing network.
他們正在發展銷售網路。
He often goes marketing.
他經常去市場做生意。
♚ allocate-分配，分派；把…撥給
參考例句：
The state allocates huge funds for the development of aid-agriculture industries. 
國家撥出大批資金，發展支農工業。
The value that then I create value allocates part to discuss. 
於是我把價值創造的價值分配分別開來論述。

㊎ 1. break the bank 太貴，花錢太多，傾家蕩產 ♪
John knew that renting the ocean view apartment would break the bank, so he settled for a smaller apartment.
約翰知道租一個海景公寓會花光他所有的錢，所以他選了一個小點的。

💪研究：體格健壯的男性被認為領導力更強💪

第一份工作教給你什麼？

Ikea plans mushroom-based packaging as eco-friendly replacement for polystyrene
　　
✤ Ikea plans to use packaging made with mushrooms as an eco-friendly replacement for polystyrene, the Swedish retail giant has revealed.
瑞典家居用品巨頭宜家家居日前表示，宜家計畫用蘑菇製成的環保包裝材料代替聚苯乙烯。

如何應對職場壓力

♞1. flip flopper 改變立場的人，政策騎牆派
“flip-flop”是“平底人字拖”，但“flip flopper”這個詞卻與拖鞋沒有任何關係，而是指“騎牆派，反復無常者，改變立場的人”。在表示“翻轉、突然轉變”意義時，“flip-flop”屬於美式說法，其對應的英式說法為“U-turn”。2004年美國大選小布希對陣克裡時，“flip flopper”一詞被用的最多，克裡在許多議題中被指是“flip flopper”。
▶例句：
Cruz put out a video painting Trump as an unprincipled flip-flopper.
科魯茲發佈視頻，把特朗普描繪成一個毫無原則、不斷轉換立場的人。
　　
♞2. grass roots 草根群體，底層選民
雖然“grass roots”一詞已經存在了一個多世紀，但直到2008年美國大選，它才真正“出人頭地”。2008年11月，美國總統大選落幕，打著“變革”旗幟和代表底層選民利益的奧巴馬以壓倒性優勢戰勝麥凱恩，成為美國歷史上首位黑人總統。這裡的“底層民眾”除了是“the ordinary people”外，還可以用“the grass roots”指代。
▶例句：
The feeling among the grass roots of the Party is that the leaders are not radical enough.
廣大基層黨員認為他們的領導行事不夠徹底。
　　
♞3. inside baseball 內部資訊，極具技術性的資訊
美式英語裡有很多源於棒球的習慣用語，“inside baseball”就是一例。這個詞原意指戰術性打法，即依靠團隊合作等穩妥策略取勝，而不是一擊致勝或依靠明星球員取勝（這種用法在現今棒球比賽中已不常見）。而作為政治術語，“inside baseball”常見於政治新聞報導中，意指“內部資訊，極具技術性的資訊”。
▶例句：
Meretz struck out in its primary because of its inside-baseball method.
憑藉內部戰術，梅雷茲黨在預選中脫穎而出。
　　
♞4. red state / blue state 紅色州/藍色州
在美國大選中，紅色代表共和黨，藍色代表民主黨。這種紅藍標記法是近年來才興起的，確切的說，是自2000年美國大選後才被固定下來的。值得一提的是，還有一種紫色州（purple state），又被稱為“搖擺州”，指的是在美國總統大選中，民主黨和共和黨勢均力敵的州。
▶例句：
South Carolina is a deep red state.
南卡羅來納州幾乎就是共和黨的地盤。
　　
♞5. hot button issue/third rail 敏感問題，熱點議題，爭議性問題/雷區
政客們跟這個詞的交集非常多。事實上，在各種大選中，又有哪個話題不是“熱點話題、敏感話題”呢？與“hot button”相似的還有一個表達：“third rail”，後者傾向於指“（政治上的）險局，雷區”。試在下面的例句中對比兩者意義的不同之處。
▶例句：
He touched on a number of hot button issues in an interview.
他在採訪中談到了許多熱點話題。
Raising taxes has been the third rail of American politics. To touch it is to commit political suicide.
加稅一直是美國政治議題中的一個雷區。碰它無異於政治自殺。
　　
♞6. policy wonk 過度拘泥於政策細節的人
名詞“wonk”有“專家，書呆子，工作狂”等意思。通常情況下，“policy wonk”即“政策專家”，但有時也指“過度拘泥於政策細節的人”。至於具體是哪個意思，可根據語境判斷。
▶例句：
He earned a reputation as something of a policy wonk.
他素有政策專家的美譽/大家都覺得他是個政策狂人。
　　
♞7. filibuster （為拖延或阻止新法律的通過而）發表冗長的演說
美劇《白宮風雲》中有一集講到，白宮正準備慶祝一個法案的通過，但沒想到投票開始前，一個來自明尼蘇達的參議員在發言時，連續幾個小時說個不停，使投票無法進行。這種利用程式阻止議案通過的行為就是“filibuster”。
根據美國參議院的議事規則，在就一項法案或動議進行投票表決前，參議員們要就相關法案內容進行辯論或發表意見，而議員們發言時，時間上沒有限制。
▶例句：
Hillary Clinton said she has no guilt for trying to filibuster Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito’s nomination while she served in the Senate.
希拉蕊·克林頓表示，對於自己在擔任參議員期間，曾通過演講拖延對最高法院法官撒母耳·阿利托的提名一事，她不後悔。
　　
♞8. -gate “門”類醜聞
關注過時事、歷史的人對這個尾碼應該不陌生，眾所周知的就是水門事件（Watergate scandal）。事實上水門事件也是這個尾碼的起源：在1972年的美國總統大選中，為了取得民主黨的競選情報，共和黨參選人尼克森的5名手下闖入位於華盛頓水門大廈的民主黨競選辦公室，在偷拍文件時，當場被捕。尼克森因此事辭職，成為美國歷史上首位辭職的總統。後來這個尾碼也被引申到體育、流行文化等領域，比如美國國家橄欖球聯盟的比賽用球“放氣醜聞”（Deflategate）。
▶例句：
The concealment of pedophiles reminded me of the Watergate coverup.
對孌童醜聞的遮掩讓我想到了水門事件中當事者對報導的打壓。
　　
♞9. stump speech 競選演講，政治演說
名詞stump本意是“樹樁”，也就是樹木被砍伐後留在地面上的部分。在美利堅剛被開發的時代，拓荒者砍伐樹木、開闢農場，競選者過來拉票時，往往會站在“樹樁”上發表演講。為了便於記憶，你不妨腦補一下特朗普、希拉蕊們站在樹樁上發表演講時的情景。
▶例句：
Hillary Clinton is on her way to Houston, where she will give a stump speech.
希拉蕊正在趕往休斯頓，她將在那兒發表一場競選演說。
　　
♞10. on message （政界人士在公開場合講話與所在政黨的官方觀點）一致地，口徑一致地
這個不言而喻，任何一個政黨的黨員都會為本黨“帶鹽”，說話要講立場，不能信口雌黃。
▶例句：
The candidate is clearly on-message with the Tory party leader.
這位候選人顯然跟保守黨領袖觀點一致。
　　
♞11. town hall meeting （領導人）與民眾的直接對話
是不是有點像我們的“群眾路線”呢！所謂的“town hall meeting”不一定要在“town hall（市政廳）”裡舉辦，任何政治家與民眾面對面、就熱點問題回答民眾提問的會面，都可以稱之為“town hall meeting”。
▶例句：
Republican presidential candidate John Kasich held two town hall meetings in Atlanta.
共和黨總統候選人約翰·凱西克在亞特蘭大舉辦了兩場與民眾見面的活動。
　　
♞12. dark horse
“黑馬”這個詞雖然俗套，但在總統競選中還真是缺它不可：任何默默無聞的候選人、出奇制勝的競選者……都有可能完美詮釋“dark horse”的真諦。記住不要寫成“black horse”。
▶例句：
John Thune may be Mitt Romney's "dark horse" vice presidential pick.
約翰·褚勒或有可能成為米特·羅姆尼的副總統之選，著實令人意外。

♕ Tea or coffee: Which drink is better for you? ♕
　
Countless arguments have been waged over the superiority of one beverage over the other. But what does the scientific evidence say?
關於這兩種飲料孰優孰劣的問題已經引發了無數爭論。但是科學證據是怎樣的呢？
George Orwell may have written that “tea is one of the mainstays of civilization in this country” – but even we British have to acknowledge that our national drink is facing stiff competition from the espressos, cappuccinos, and lattes invading our shores.
喬治·奧威爾或許寫過“茶是這個國家文明的一個支柱”這樣的句子——但我們英國人也要承認，隨著濃咖啡、卡布奇諾和拿鐵侵入國門，我們的全民飲料正面臨著激烈的競爭。
Despite the dangers of wading into such a charged argument, BBC Future decided to weigh up the relative merits of each drink. There’s no accounting for taste, of course, but we have combed the scientific literature for their real, measurable effects on our body and mind.
儘管探討這個敏感話題充滿風險，“BBC未來”欄目還是決定對每種飲品的相對優點進行評估。當然，百人百味，但通過精心梳理科學文獻，我們找出了它們對人體和大腦真實的、可測量的影響。
　　
♕The wake-up call 🍵
醒腦劑
For many, the caffeine kick is the primary reason we choose either beverage; it’s the oil to our engines when we’re still feeling a bit creaky in the morning. Based purely on its composition, coffee should win hands down: a cup of tea has about half the dose (40 milligrams) of the stimulant caffeine that you would find in a standard cup of brewed filter coffee (80 to 115 milligrams). Yet this doesn’t necessarily reflect the jolt of the wake-up call.
對許多人來說，咖啡因的興奮作用是我們選擇這兩種飲料的主要原因；在睡眼惺忪的清晨，咖啡因就像石油一樣，給我們身體的引擎以能量。只考慮成分的話，咖啡可以輕鬆獲勝：一杯茶的咖啡因含量（40毫克）大約只有標準杯過濾咖啡（80至115毫克）的一半。然而，這並非反映了它們的醒腦作用。
Dosing subjects with either tea or coffee, one study found that both beverages left subjects feeling similarly alert later in the morning.
通過讓被試者飲用一定量的茶或咖啡，一項研究發現，這兩種飲料都能讓受試者在早晨晚些時候感到同樣清醒。
Verdict: Against logic, tea seems to provide just as powerful a wake-up call as coffee. It’s a draw.
結論：雖然邏輯上講不通，但茶跟咖啡的醒腦作用似乎不相上下。平局。
　　
♕Sleep quality 🍵
睡眠品質
The biggest differences between coffee and tea may emerge once your head hits the pillow.
咖啡和茶之間最大的差異或許將集中體現在睡眠上。
Comparing people drinking the same volume of tea or coffee over a single day, researchers at the University of Surrey in the UK confirmed that although both drinks lend similar benefits to your attention during the day, coffee drinkers tend to find it harder to drop off at night – perhaps because the higher caffeine content finally catches up with you.
通過對比研究每天飲用等量的茶或咖啡的人，英國薩里大學的研究人員證實，儘管兩種飲料在白天對注意力集中的作用差不多，但或許是因為咖啡裡的咖啡因含量更高，喝咖啡的人晚上更難入睡。
Tea drinkers, in contrast, had longer and more restful slumbers.
相比之下，喝茶的人睡得更久更香。
Verdict: Tea offers many of the benefits of coffee, without the sleepless nights – a clear win.
結論：茶不僅擁有咖啡的許多好處，還不會帶來不眠之夜——完勝
　　
♕Tooth staining 🍵
牙齒變黃
Along with red wine, coffee and tea are both known to turn our pearly whites a murky yellow and brown. But which is worse?
眾所周知，紅酒、咖啡和茶都會把潔白的牙齒慢慢染成暗黃色或棕褐色。但哪個最糟糕？
Most dentists seem to agree that tea’s natural pigments are more likely to adhere to dental enamel than coffee’s – particularly if you use a mouthwash containing the common antiseptic chlorhexidine, which seems to attract and bind to the microscopic particles.
大多數牙醫似乎一致認為，茶中的天然色素比咖啡的更易附著於牙釉質之上——尤其當你使用常見的洗必泰漱口水時，其中的消毒洗必泰能吸引並聚合微觀粒子。
Verdict: If you want a perfect smile, coffee may be the lesser of two evils.
結論：如果你想展現完美笑容，兩害相權取其輕，咖啡也許還好一點。
　　
♕A balm for troubled souls… 🍵
不安靈魂的慰藉……
In England, it’s common to give “tea and sympathy” to a distressed friend – the idea being that a cup of Earl Grey is medicine for troubled minds. In fact, there is some evidence that tea can soothe your nerves: regular tea drinkers do tend to show a calmer physiological response to unsettling situations (such as public speaking), compared to people drinking herbal infusions. Overall, people who drink three cups a day appear to have a 37% lower risk of depression than those who do not drink tea.
英國人喜歡給煩惱苦悶的朋友送去“茶與同情”——這是由於他們認為伯爵茶能夠治癒不安的靈魂。事實上，有證據表明，茶可以舒緩神經：與喝中草藥的人相比，經常飲茶者在處理一些令人不安的情況（如公開演講）時確實表現得更為鎮靜。總的來說，每天喝三杯茶的人比不喝茶的人罹患抑鬱症的風險要低37%。
Coffee doesn’t have the same reputation; indeed, some report that it makes them feel like their nerves are jangling. Yet there is some evidence that it too may protect against long-term mental health problems. A recent “meta-analysis” (summarising the results of studies involving more than 300,000 participants) found that each cup of coffee a day seems to reduce your risk of developing depression by around 8%. In contrast, other beverages (such as sweetened soft drinks) only increase your risk of developing mental health problems.
咖啡並沒有這種功效；事實上，有些人覺得咖啡會讓人有些神經錯亂。但是也有證據表明，咖啡能預防長期精神問題。最近的一項“薈萃分析”（總結了超過30萬名參與者的研究結果）發現，每天一杯咖啡的人患抑鬱症的風險比常人要低大約8%。相比之下，其他飲料（如甜味軟飲）只會增加患精神疾病的風險。
Verdict: Based on this limited evidence, it’s a draw.
結論：基於有限的證據，平局。
　　
♕…and a balm for bodies……
身體的萬金油
Similarly tantalising, though preliminary, epidemiological studies have suggested that both coffee and tea offer many other health-giving benefits. A few cups of either beverage a day appears to reduce your risk of diabetes, for instance.
流行病學研究雖然才剛剛起步，但也很吸睛。該領域研究表明，咖啡和茶都對身體還有其它益處。例如，每天喝幾杯會降低患糖尿病的風險。
Both drinks also seem to moderately protect the heart, although the evidence seems to be slightly stronger for coffee, while tea also appears to be slightly protective against developing a range of cancers – perhaps because of its antioxidants.
飲用這兩種飲料能對心臟起到一定的保護作用，儘管證據顯示似乎咖啡的功效更強，但許是因為茶中的抗氧化劑，茶對預防癌症也有些許功效。
Verdict: Another draw – both drinks are a surprising, health-giving elixir.
結論：還是平局——這兩種飲料都是神奇的、有益健康的靈丹妙藥。
　　
Overall verdict: Much as we Brits would have liked tea to come out the clear victor, we have to admit there is little between the two drinks besides personal taste. Based solely on the fact that it allows you to get a better night’s sleep, we declare tea the winner.
總結：大部分英國人都會覺得茶很明顯更勝一籌。但除了個人口味，必須承認的是兩者的差異並不大。僅僅基於能讓人好眠這一點，茶無疑是贏家。

Study suggests Japanese workers are deeply distrustful of their employers
　　
✤ A study found that workers in Japan distrust their employers significantly more than workers in the US, UK, Canada and Australia do.
一項調查顯示，日本的員工比美國、英國、加拿大、澳大利亞等國的員工更不信任自己的雇主。✤ 
✤ In the past, Japanese work culture revolved around one core belief: “lifetime employment”. Workers would join a company after graduation from university and remain with that company until their retirement. Often, a strong bond would form between the worker and his (rarely her) company, with customs such as company-wide trips, and “bring your family” events. Accordingly, workers in Japan used to have an awful lot of job security, and job-hopping simply wasn’t a thing.
過去，日本的企業文化都圍繞“終生雇傭制”這一核心理念，也就是說，大學畢業後加入某個企業的員工可以為其效力直至退休。通常情況下，員工（多為男性）與雇傭企業之間會建立起強有力的感情紐帶，企業會組織員工集體出遊和一些可攜家帶口的活動。由此可見，過去的日本員工有很多的工作保障，跳槽這種事發生的可能性幾乎為零。✤ 
　　
✤ Now, however, the only people who are generally granted job security for life are civil servants, who work at city hall for their entire career and get shuffled around every couple of years in a process called jinji-idou (personnel transfers) which is designed to keep things fresh. Those who work for regular companies, however, have much less obligation to stick with their employer than they used to, and, in turn, that has led to companies showing significantly less care for their employees. One has only to consider the high incidence of contract workers and part-time workers, and the emergence of so-called “black companies” which flout labor laws and in some cases treat their employees so badly, it can even drive them to suicide.
但就現在來看，也只有公務員才能享受到有工作保障的生活。他們的整個職業生涯都在為市政府工作，大約每幾年調動一次。這種所謂的“人事變動”的目的是保持新鮮感。而那些為一般企業工作的員工就不再像以前那樣甘為雇主奮鬥終生，這也反過來導致公司對員工的關懷度大不如從前。你只需看看這麼多的合同工和兼職工，再看看那些公然違反勞動法、把員工壓榨得想自殺的“黑心公司”就知道了。✤ 
　　
✤ A new survey conducted by Edelman PR polled Japanese workers to discover just how loyal they feel towards their employers in this economic climate. The results are unsurprising — only 40 percent of those polled agreed with the statement: “I trust the company I work for”.
愛德曼公關公司對日本員工進行了一次新民意調查，意在瞭解當前經濟形勢下員工對雇主的忠誠度。調查結果在意料之中——只有40%的員工選擇“我信任目前所屬的公司”。✤ 
✤ The results come as part of a larger poll in which the same question was posed to workers in 28 other countries; of that number, Japan ranked bottom in employer company trust. Mexico ranked highest with 89 percent agreeing to the statement. Other results included: United States (64 percent), United Kingdom (57 percent), Australia (54 percent), Canada (64 percent), Germany (62 percent), and France (48 percent).
愛德曼公司也就同樣的問題調查了其他28個國家的員工。經比較發現，日本員工對公司的信任度最低，而墨西哥人有89%選擇了“信任公司”，排在最前。其他結果還有：美國（64%），英國（57%），澳大利亞（54%），加拿大（64%），德國（62%），法國（48%）。✤ 
　　
✤ Another statement, “I foresee improvement in the next five years for myself and my ability to provide for my family” , was met with only a 19 percent agreement rate amongst white-collar workers, dropping to 15 percent amongst blue-collar workers. The global average was 55 and 47 percent respectively for white- and blue-collar workers, indicating that Japanese workers are generally highly pessimistic about their futures in their current companies.
關於調查中“我可以預見到，未來五年我的生活會改善，並能更好地養家”這一項，日本的白領員工只有19%表示認同，而藍領員工則只有15%。從全球平均值來看，白領和藍領員工的認同率分別為55%和47%。由此可以看出，日本員工大多對自己目前供職的公司的前景十分悲觀。✤ 

Slovenian town goes ahead with beer fountain plan
　　
〠 A small Slovenian town is pressing ahead with plans to build a fountain which spouts beer instead of water, despite opposition from some councillors.
儘管遭到一些地方議員反對，但斯洛維尼亞的一個小鎮仍在極力推行一項計畫：建造一座啤酒噴泉——該噴泉噴出的將是啤酒，而不是水。

♜ The English: A Portrait of a People, By Jeremy Paxman
In The English, the famously no-nonsense journalist and broadcaster Jeremy Paxman assesses what it means to be English today - specifically English, that is, not Welsh, Scottish, or Irish. In this wide-ranging work, Paxman charts the rise of a peculiar stereotype of Englishness that arose abroad in response to British colonialism, and its subsequent obsolescence following the disintegration of Empire. Emphasizing the pluralistic interconnections between England's regions, cultures, and classes, The English gives historical grounding to some of the country' scurious social quirks and places them in the context of its people's fluctuating identities.
　　
♜ White Teeth, By Zadie Smith 
Treating a broad sweep of British post-war history, White Teeth deals with the issues of London's immigrant population and their often conflicting desires to both assimilate and preserve their indigenous cultural identities. In an inimitable style that is now painfully funny, now heartrending, Smith also satirises the British middle and working classes while writing sensitively on such social issues as the generation gap in immigrant families, and even religious fundamentalism. A must-read for those seeking to know more about the diversity of Britain's cities.
　　
♜Porterhouse Blue, Tom Sharpe
Whether you're looking to throw yourself bodily into life at Britain's most traditional educational institutions, or searching for a stick to beat them with, look no further than Tom Sharpe's rip-roaring parody of life at the fictional Cambridge college, Porterhouse. Crippled by the need to adhere to its own traditions, Porterhouse is thrown into disarray when the College Master dies before naming his successor; meanwhile, research student Lionel Zipser's desperation to keep a lid on his attraction to his maid leads him through a series of preposterous plotlines towards a hilarious finale. A taste at the cordon bleu end of fine British humor.
　　
♜The Road to Wigan Pier, George Orwell
In Wigan Pier, a middle-class writer composes one of the finest examples of working-class journalism ever set down on paper. The British are a nation acutely aware of social class, and navigating the proverbial minefield of class distinctions can often prove challenging for visiting students. Orwell documents living conditions for workers in the impoverished north of England in the late 1930s, before discussing the practical solutions to the problem. Very much a document of its time, but still one of great use for those interested in the roots of Britain’s ongoing class tensions
　　
♜Great Expectations, Charles Dickens
Great Expectations may seem like an obvious choice, but it will do more than reward the Chinese penchant for Victorian high society. As well as being one of the most recognizable English-language stories, the novel explores social mobility, the contemporary class system, and empire, all backed up with a number of Dickens' larger-than-life characters and the first-person voice of the ever hopeful Pip. For the Chinese reader, it’s a cultural exploration of Britain at one of the most important points in her history, and a classic piece of literature by the second-most famous British writer of all time.
　　
♟ peculiar -adj.古怪的，異常的；特殊的，特有的
參考例句：
• He walks in a peculiar fashion.
他走路的樣子很奇特。
• He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.
他用一種很奇怪的表情看著我。
♟ stereotype -n.固定的形象，陳規，老套，舊框框
參考例句：
• He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.
他是我心目中的典型教師。
• There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.
人們對於成功商人一直都有一種固定印象。
♟ obsolescence -n.過時，陳舊，廢棄
參考例句：
• For some small unproductive mills, the reality is not merger but obsolescence and bankruptcy.
對一些效率低下的小廠而言，現實不是合併，而是可能被淘汰和破產。
• Finally, the cost approach can provide a basis for allocating penalties, specifically economic obsolescence.
最後，成本法可作為一個分配因陳舊特別是因經濟
♟ disintegration -n.分散，解體
參考例句：
• This defeat led to the disintegration of the empire.
這次戰敗道致了帝國的瓦解。
• The incident has hastened the disintegration of the club.
這一事件加速了該俱樂部的解體。
♟ quirks -n.奇事，巧合( quirk的名詞複數 )；怪癖
參考例句：
• One of his quirks is that he refuses to travel by train. 
他的怪癖之一是不願乘火車旅行。 
• All men have their own quirks and twists. 
人人都有他們自己的怪癖和奇想。
♟ indigenous -adj.土產的，土生土長的，本地的
參考例句：
• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.
每個國家都有自己本土的文化傳統。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.
印第安人是美洲的土著居民。
♟ parody -n.打油詩文，詼諧的改編詩文，拙劣的模仿；v.拙劣模仿，作模仿詩文
參考例句：
• The parody was just a form of teasing.
那個拙劣的模仿只是一種揶揄。
♟ fictional -adj.小說的，虛構的
參考例句：
• The names of the shops are entirely fictional.
那些商店的名字完全是虛構的。
• The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius.
這兩位作者代表了天才小說家兩個極端。
♟ disarray -n.混亂，紊亂，淩亂
參考例句：
• His personal life fell into disarray when his wife left him.
妻子離去後，他的個人生活一片混亂。
• Our plans were thrown into disarray by the rail strike.
鐵路罷工打亂了我們的計畫。
♟ preposterous -adj.荒謬的，可笑的
參考例句：
• The whole idea was preposterous.
整個想法都荒唐透頂。
• It would be preposterous to shovel coal with a teaspoon.
用茶匙鏟煤是荒謬的。
♟ hilarious -adj.充滿笑聲的，歡鬧的；[反]depressed
參考例句：
• The party got quite hilarious after they brought more wine.
在他們又拿來更多的酒之後，派對變得更加熱鬧起來。
• We stop laughing because the show was so hilarious.
我們笑個不停，因為那個節目太搞笑了。
♟ cordon -n.警戒線，哨兵線
參考例句：
• Police officers threw a cordon around his car to protect him.
員警在他汽車周圍設置了防衛圈以保護他。
• There is a tight security cordon around the area.
這一地區周圍設有嚴密的安全警戒圈。
♟ pier -n.碼頭；橋墩，橋柱；[建]窗間壁，支柱
參考例句：
• The pier of the bridge has been so badly damaged that experts worry it is unable to bear weight.
這座橋的橋樁破損厲害，專家擔心它已不能負重。
• The ship was making towards the pier.
船正駛向碼頭。
♟ journalism -n.新聞工作，報業
參考例句：
• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.
他是教師，可還兼職做一些新聞工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.
他有從事新聞工作的才能。
♟ navigating -v.給（船舶、飛機等）引航，導航( navigate的現在分詞 )；（從海上、空中等）橫越；橫渡；飛躍
參考例句：
• These can also be very useful when navigating time-based documents, such as video and audio. 
它對於和時間有關的文檔非常有用，比如視頻和音訊文檔。 
• Vehicles slowed to a crawl on city roads, navigating slushy snow. 
汽車在市區路上行駛緩慢，穿越泥濘的雪地。 
♟ impoverished -adj.窮困的，無力的，用盡了的v.使（某人）貧窮( impoverish的過去式和過去分詞 )；使（某物）貧瘠或惡化
參考例句：
• the impoverished areas of the city 
這個城市的貧民區
• They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 
他們因長期失業而一貧如洗。
♟ ongoing -adj.進行中的，前進的
參考例句：
• The problem is ongoing.
這個問題尚未解決。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.
報告中提出的問題與“關心老人”組織在這方面正在做的工作有直接的關係。
♟ penchant -n.愛好，嗜好；（強烈的）傾向
參考例句：
• She has a penchant for Indian food.
她愛吃印度食物。
• He had a penchant for playing jokes on people.
他喜歡拿人開玩笑。
♟ mobility -n.可動性，變動性，情感不定
參考例句：
• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labor.
不同地區房價的差異阻礙了勞動力的流動。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.
機動性在遊擊戰中至關重要。