字神帝國英語天地

 
 今日主題：Elephant Ivory DNA Reveals Poaching Hotspots  象牙DNA揭示偷獵地點

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2016/20160317sa_earth.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
“There are about 50,000 elephants a year being killed right now with only about 450,000 left in Africa.”
每年大約有5萬隻大象遭到殺害，現在非洲只剩下45萬隻大象。

Samuel Wasser, director of the Center for Conservation Biology at the University of Washington.
撒母耳•瓦塞爾是華盛頓大學保護生物學中心主任。

“And one of the complexities of this problem is dealing with this transnational organized crime, where you have these sophisticated networks of criminal entities that are experts at moving contraband from one place to another without it being detected.”
問題的一大難點就是應對有組織的跨國犯罪團體，他們具備先進的網路實體，可以將這些違禁品從一個地方運送到另一個地方，而不為人知。

Wasser spoke February 14th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C.
2月14日，在華盛頓特區舉辦的美國科學促進協會年會上，瓦瑟爾發表講話。

“What we have done is we’ve tried to focus our attention using genetics to determine the source of the actual poaching and to figure out how many major source populations are there. Because in doing that you can potentially focus law enforcement on those areas…
“我們現在已經將注意力轉移到使用遺產學來確定真正的偷獵來源，並找出主要的人群來源。因為，這樣做可以關注到這些地區的法律實施...”

“Now the way that we focus on this work is we use DNA from large ivory seizures…worth a minimum of a million dollars…and that is the seizures that bear the signature of large organized crime syndicates…
現在，我們工作的重點是利用大量被扣押象牙的DNA，這些象牙價值至少一百萬美元，並且這些被扣押的象牙包含了大型有組織犯罪集團的特徵。

“The work we published in Science last July showed that virtually 100 percent of all large ivory seizures that we analyzed in the last decade came from really just two locations. Twenty-two percent of the ivory was made up of forest elephant ivory, and that came from an area we call the Tridem, which is the northeast corner of Gabon and northwest corner of Congo. And 78 percent of the ivory was savannah ivory, and that all came from Tanzania and the areas just bordering Tanzania. So Tanzania clearly is the biggest hotspot that we have encountered in this trade…
去年7月，我們在《科學》雜誌上發表的文章顯示，在過去十年，所分析的象牙中，幾乎都來自兩個地方。22%的象牙是森林大象的，這個地區名字叫做 Tridem，位於加萊東北角以及剛果西北角。而剩餘78%的象牙是薩凡納象牙，這些象牙來自坦尚尼亞，確切的說該地區與坦尚尼亞接壤。因此，顯然，坦尚 尼亞是我們在象牙交易中要關注的熱點。

“One of the things that this suggests is that the number of kingpins driving this trade are relatively few because so much of this big trade is focused in one area...
這表明，操縱貿易的主要人物數量聊聊可數，因為，很多大型的交易只集中在一個地區......

“Our work has already brought down one of the largest ivory dealers in West Africa. We are now hot on the trail of probably the largest ivory dealer in Africa.”
我們的工作已經西非一個最大的象牙貿易經銷商。我們現在關注的重點可能是非洲最大的象牙貿易商。