字神帝國英語天地

週一藍嗎，快來聽這篇~~一定會更藍der~~不過這篇很托福值得聽哦!!
今日主題：Reindeer Spit Smacks Down Plant Toxins
馴鹿唾液降低植物的毒素

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/…/20141011sa_science1.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Reindeer spit is in the news. Well, now it is. You see, reindeer and moose eat plants that contain toxins entrusted with keeping the vegetation from being so desirable. But now we know that the animals' saliva can prevent the production of those toxins. The slick finding is in the journal Biology Letters. [Andrew J. Tanentzap, Mark Vicari and Dawn R. Bazely Ungulate saliva inhibits a grass–endophyte mutualism]
馴鹿唾液成為新聞了，確實是這樣。可以看到一些植物含有毒素，而這會讓植物看起來不會那麼有誘惑力，但是馴鹿和駝鹿吃這些植物。如今我們知道動物的唾液能夠抑制這些毒素的產生。這一發現是生物學期刊上發表的。

Generally speaking, plants do not like to be eaten. And many have defenses to avoid this fate. The red fescue that's favored by European reindeer and moose maintains a mutually beneficial relationship with a fungus. When the host plant gets munched on, the resident fungus churns out a toxin called ergovaline. This chemical restricts blood flow to the grazer's extremities, which can lead to the loss of limbs.
一般來說，植物不喜歡被吃。許多植物有自己的防禦機制來避免被吃的命運。歐洲馴鹿和駝鹿鍾愛的紅狐茅就與一種真菌保持著互利的關係。當寄主植物被咀嚼時，真菌就大量會產生一種叫做麥角寧鹼的毒素。這種化學物質會限制血液流向食草動物的四肢，這會導致動物肢體受損。

But the battle doesn't end there. Because researchers found that when reindeer and moose drool is dribbled over plants, ergovaline production goes way down.
但是戰鬥還遠遠沒有結束，因為研究員發現馴鹿和駝鹿的口水灑在植物上，產生的麥角寧鹼的數量就會減少。

The specific secret of the spit is still unsolved. But the researchers think that compounds in the saliva interfere with the chemical signals that switch on toxin production when the plants get 『et. One thing they know for sure: as they write in their report, and who can argue, the 「salivary secretions of large mammals are more important than previously realized.」
唾液的具體奧秘還沒有解開。但是研究員認為唾液中的化合物干擾了毒素產生的化學信號。有一件事可以肯定：他們寫報告的時候，可以爭論說「大型哺乳動物的唾液分泌比先前人們認識到的更重要。」