今日主題：Animal phobias 動物恐懼症
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
#BBC 六分鐘英語 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1070.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Neil…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是尼爾。
And I’m Sophie. Neil, what are you afraid of?
我是蘇菲。你害怕什麼?
I’m not keen on anything with wings, but I particularly hate moths. They’re disgusting, with their fat hairy bodies and… fluttery wings!
我不喜歡任何帶翅膀的東西，但我格外討厭飛蛾。它們很噁心，毛絨絨肥大的身體，不停顫動的翅膀。
Oh, Neil. Moths are completely harmless. They aren’t something to be scared of.
好吧，尼爾。飛蛾完全無害。它們不是什麼讓人害怕的東西。
Yes, they are… They get in my face… and my hair. It makes my flesh creep just thinking about them.
它們很可怕。會飛到我的臉上，碰到我的頭髮。我一想到飛蛾就毛骨悚然。
If something makes your flesh creep it makes you feel very frightened. Well, I hope you’re going to survive the show today, Neil, because it’s all about animal phobias– and a phobia is a strong and irrational fear. That’s a fear not based on reason.
如果某物讓你毛骨悚然，是指它讓你非常害怕。我希望你能挺過今天的節目，因為都是關於動物恐懼症的。phobia是指強烈的，非理性的恐懼。這種恐懼沒有任何來由。
OK – I’ll try. Do you have any animal phobias, Sophie?
好吧，我盡力。你有動物恐懼症嗎，蘇菲？
I can’t stand dogs.
我受不了狗。
Man’s best friend? How can you not like dogs – they’re cute and loveable. They protect you. They can do tricks!
人類最好的朋友？你怎麼能不喜歡狗呢？它們多可愛。它們可以保護你。它們可以逗樂耍把戲。
Look, for you it’s moths – and that’s pretty ridiculous, by the way – and for me it’s dogs. And that isn’t ridiculous. Dogs can be aggressive – they have sharp teeth, they bear their teeth and bark.
對你來說害怕的是飛蛾，順便說一下，這很荒謬，對我來說害怕的是狗。這一點也不荒謬。狗也有侵略性，它們有尖牙，齜著牙，狗吠。
What, like this? [sound of dog growling and barking]
就像這樣嗎？（模仿狗叫，咆哮）
Yes – and please turn that off, it’s upsetting me. It’s time for today’s quiz question.Can you tell me, Neil, what’s the word that describes an irrational fear of insects? Is it…a) entomophobia? b) thanatophobia? Or c) pogonophobia?
沒錯，趕緊停下來，這讓我很不舒服。是時候看今天的問題了。你能告訴我，下列哪個詞是描述對昆蟲非理性的恐懼？a) 昆蟲恐怖症？b) 死亡恐怖症？c) 鬍鬚恐懼症？
I’ll say thanatophobia.
我選thanatophobia（死亡恐怖症）。
Well, we’ll find out if you got the answer right later on in the show. But now let’s listen to Dr Dean Burnett, neuroscientist at Cardiff University in the UK, talking about what causes phobic reactions in us.
之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。現在我們聽聽迪恩•博納特教授，英國卡迪夫大學神經系統科學家講述什麼原因造成我們這種恐懼反應。
The sensory information is just relayed directly into your brainOne part of it is routed into the cortex, where it’s sort of thought about: that’s that thing, I know that from last time I experienced this, and you can kind of rationalise your way through it. But it also sends a message directly to the amygdala, which immediately triggers the fight or flight response – bang, fire alarm, off it goes, flood the body just in case. It’s a survival mechanism.
這種感官資訊直接傳輸到大腦，一部分進入大腦皮層，傳遞了這樣的資訊：這就是那個事，上次經歷過我知道，然後你會理性地做出反應。但資訊也會直接傳到杏仁核，直接觸發你或戰或逃的心理反應，如突然巨響、警報、逃離，情緒充斥身體。這是一種生存機制。
Dr Dean Burnett there. So, the sensory information for me is a moth fluttering around, getting in my hair.
上述是博納特教授的講話。所有對我來說，感官資訊就是飛蛾到處飛，鑽到我頭髮裡。
That’s right – Or for me, it’s a dog getting anywhere near me! Anyway, this information goes into our brains and is processed in two different parts of the brain – the central cortex and the amygdala.
沒錯，對我來說就是到處都有狗圍著我。總之，這種資訊進入我們的大腦，然後經加工進入我們大腦的兩部分，大腦皮層和杏仁核。
And the information sent to the central cortex triggers a rational response, like, oh it’s only a harmless moth– and the stuff that goes to the amygdala triggers an instinctive reaction – the fight or flight response – like, aaarrrggghhh! It’s a disgusting moth! Get away from me!
資訊進入大腦皮層會觸發理性反應，如，哦，這只是一隻無害的飛蛾。這種資訊進入杏仁核會觸發本能反應，或戰或逃的反應，如啊啊的大叫！這是一隻噁心的飛蛾！快走開！
The fight or flight response is a normal response to stress or danger, and it involves the hormone adrenalin being pumped quickly round the body. The problem is this response can get triggered when there isn’t any danger. And this is at the heart of what a phobia is.
或戰或逃的反應是面對壓力或危險的正常反應，會導致腎上腺素快速充斥全身。問題是這種反應在面對不危險的狀況時也會觸發。這就是恐懼症的關鍵。
So, that’s the moth flying in my face while I’m reading in bed, and I feel my heart beating so fast I think I’m going to pass out and I nearly die from anxiety.
所以當我在床上讀書，飛蛾飛到我臉上時，我感到我的心跳非常快，我感覺我要暈過去了，會焦慮致死。
Poor Neil! Pass out means to faint or lose consciousness, by the way. Well, we’re going to hear from Stephen and Reena now, two self-confessed arachnophobes. They have strong emotional reactions just like you, Neil. Can you identify which animal they fear?
可憐的尼爾。Pass out 是指昏倒，失去意識。接下來我們聽聽斯蒂芬和裡納自述蜘蛛恐懼症。他們的反應和你一樣強烈。你能辨認出他們害怕的是什麼動物嗎？
So when I see a spider, I feel like I’ve been punched in the chest.
當我看到一隻蜘蛛時，我感到胸口受了一記重拳一樣。
Complete fear – it’s absolutely paralysing. They’ve never been OK with me. I’ve always hated them.
特別恐懼，完全癱在那裡。對於蜘蛛，我從來都感覺不好。我非常討厭它們。
I’ve spent a lot of time driving around in the car afraid to go home while my husband worked in London.
我丈夫在倫敦工作時，我每天花很長時間駕車亂逛，不敢回家。
All rationality goes out the window, and it’s… my emotions completely take over.
理智全然拋之腦後，我的感性思想完全控制了自己。
I just…. I just run.
我的反應就是逃跑。
So arachnophobes have a strong fear of spiders. And it’s the most common animal phobia apparently.
所以arachnophobes是指對蜘蛛的強烈恐懼。這顯然是很常見的動物恐懼症。
You could understand that if you were living in Australia – where a bite from a spider might kill you. But the little spiders you get here in the UK don’t seem threatening at all.
當你生活在澳大利亞你就可以理解了，隨便一隻蜘蛛咬你一口都可能殺死你。但在英國你看到的小蜘蛛完全沒有威脅。
Yes, but recent research has shown that we have a reflexive awareness of spiders – whether we fear them or not – which means we can spot them automatically without thinking about it.And we don’t have the same reflexive awareness of houseflies – or moths – for example.
是的，但最近的研究顯示，無論我們害不害怕蜘蛛，我們都對蜘蛛有反射性意識。也就是說不用思考立馬就能認出那是蜘蛛。我們對家蠅、飛蛾就不會有這樣的反射性意識。
I expect this awareness is to do with our ancestors. It would’ve been extremely useful to spot a spider as an early human on the plains of the African Savannah. A bite might kill you – or make you vulnerable to attack from other animals.
我猜這種意識和我們的祖先有關。早先生活在非洲大草原的人們，能快速辨認蜘蛛是非常有用的。被咬一口就有可能死亡，或者使你極易受到其他動物攻擊。
You’re right, Neil! But do you think you were right about today’s quiz question? I asked: What’s the word that describes an irrational fear of insects? Is it… a) entomophobia, b) thanatophobia or c) pogonophobia?
沒錯。你覺得今天的問題你答對了嗎？我的問題是：哪一個詞描述了對昆蟲非理性的恐懼？a)昆蟲恐懼症, b)死亡恐懼症還是 c)鬍鬚恐懼症？
I said thanatophobia!
我選的是死亡恐懼症。
That’s the wrong answer. It’s actually a) entomophobia. Entomophobia (also known as insectophobia) is a specific phobia characterized by an excessive or unrealistic fear of one or more classes of insect. Thanatophobia is the fear of death and pogonophobia is the fear of beards or bearded people.
你答錯了。真正答案是a)昆蟲恐懼症。Entomophobia是一種特殊的恐懼症，對某一種或某一類昆蟲過度害怕。Thanatophobia是指對死亡的恐懼，pogonophobia是對鬍鬚或留大鬍子人的恐懼。
Well, moths are kind of hairy…Let’s remind ourselves of some of the words we heard today:
飛蛾也是毛絨絨的。我們來聽聽今天學到的單詞。
make your flesh creep 令人毛骨悚然
phobia 恐懼症
irrational 不合理的
fight or flight response 或戰或逃的反應
pass out 昏倒
arachnophobes 蜘蛛恐懼症
reflexive awareness 反射性意識
And that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English.Don’t forget to join us again soon!
六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期再見。
Bye!
再見！
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