今日主題：On your bike 騎自行車
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
#BBC 六分鐘英語 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1067.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Sophie…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是愛麗絲。
And I’m Neil. Did you watch the Tour de France cycle race this summer, Sophie?
我是尼爾。你看今年夏天的環法自行車賽了嗎？
No, I didn’t. I’m not a cycling enthusiast, Neil – unlike you!
沒有。我不是自行車愛好者，像你一樣！
It was pretty exciting stuff – in fact just thinking about it, makes me want to jump on my bike and ride off right now!
騎自行車是一件挺有意思的事，光是想一想，我現在就像跳上自行車，開始騎行！
Don’t go just yet, because today’s show is all about bicycles and I’ve got a question for you. Who invented the first pneumatic – or air-filled – cycle tyre in 1888?Was it …a) John Boyd Dunlop? b) Charles Goodyear? Or c) Harvey Samuel Firestone?
現在你不能走，因為今天的節目都是關於自行車的，我還有一個問題要問你。是誰在1888年發明了第一個氣胎，充氣式自行車輪胎？a)約翰•登祿普？b) 查理斯•古德伊爾？還是 c) 哈威•撒母耳•費爾斯通?
Well, I’m going to go for a) John Boyd Dunlop. Can I go now?
我選a)約翰•登祿普。我現在可以走了嗎？
No, you can’t. We’ll find out later on in the show if you got the tyre question right or not. But first, I’d like you to tell us a bit about the history of the bike.
不可以。節目的最後我們再看你回答得是否正確。首先，我想讓你給我們講一講自行車的歷史。
If you insist. Well, before the modern bike was invented in 1885, people rode boneshakers, high wheelers, and even tricycles.
如果你堅持的話，好吧。在1885年現代自行車發明以前，人們都騎老式自行車，高輪車，甚至三輪車。
A tricycle is a three-wheeler bike that young children ride before they learn to balance on a two-wheeler. But what’s a boneshaker, Neil?
三輪車是小朋友們騎的三個輪子的自行車，幫助他們在騎兩輪自行車前學會平衡。什麼是老爺車呢？
It was the first bike with pedals, called a velocipede by its manufacturers. Others called it a boneshaker because its tyres were made of iron so it was very uncomfortable to ride – especially over cobblestone streets.
那是第一輛帶腳踏板的自行車，被製造商稱為腳蹬兩輪車。也有人將它們稱為老式自行車。因為它的輪胎是用鐵做的，所以騎起來非常不舒服，尤其是騎在鵝卵石路上。
It sounds awful! Now, moving on, the bicycle started out as an expensive toy for the middle classes– but when manufacturing costs dropped, they became a vehicle for social change.
聽起來好可怕！我們繼續說，自行車剛開始是作為中產階級昂貴的玩具的，但隨著製造成本下降，它們帶來了社會變化。
By the late nineteenth century, bikes had become affordable for a large proportion of the population– and the technology had moved on so they weren’t so dangerous – or so uncomfortable to ride.
直到19世紀末，大多數人都能買得起自行車了。科技也在進步，自行車騎起來不那麼危險了，也就是不那麼不適了。
And for the first time in history, people had the freedom to travel where they wanted when they wanted – including women! Let’s hear more about women and cycling from Robert Penn, UK author, and lifelong cyclist.
歷史上，人們第一次有了出行的自由，人們想去哪就去哪，包括女性！我們聽聽英國作家及終身自行車手Robert Penn關於女性和騎行的觀點。
In very practical terms, it had a very significant effect on what women wore in public. And when they first rode bicycles they were expected to ride in long ankle length skirts and voluminous petticoats and of course that was entirely impractical so they adopted what was called rational dress. And rational dress was a better fitting jacket and pantaloon trousers which were cinched below the knee, which meant that nothing got caught in the chain. And at first there was massive public outrage. There were court cases about whether or not women were allowed to be served in pubs wearing this sort of dress.
實際點說，自行車給女性在公共場合的衣著方面造成了巨大影響。女性第一次騎自行車時，人們要求他們穿至腳踝長度的裙子，好幾層襯裙，當然，這樣的穿著完全不切合實際，所以他們採用了更為合理的穿著。合理的穿著是指合身的夾克衫，膝蓋下收緊的馬褲。這樣就不會夾到自行車鏈子裡了。但最初也引起了社會的不滿。當時有很多案件都是處理是否允許在酒館中招待這樣著裝的女性。
So women in the nineteenth century typically wore long skirts and voluminous – or large – petticoats. A petticoat is a piece of clothing worn under a dress or skirt.But what does rational dress mean exactly, Sophie?
所以19世紀女性的典型著裝是長裙和大大的襯裙。襯裙是指裙子下的一層布。但合理的著裝是指什麼呢？
Rational here means logical. It wasn’t logical to wear ankle length skirts with voluminous petticoats on a bike, so women started wearing pantaloon trousers.
合理的是指符合邏輯的。騎自行車穿長至腳踝的裙子，還帶襯裙，很不符合邏輯。所以女性開始穿馬褲。
Pantaloon trousers were baggy – though they were cinched – or gathered in – below the kneeso they wouldn’t catch in the bicycle chain.
馬褲是指寬鬆，但在膝蓋下收緊的褲子。這樣就不會夾到自行車鏈子裡了。
But pantaloons for women still caused outrage – or shock and anger– because although they were baggy, they were still trousers and they didn’t go down to the ankle. So bikes played a part in women’s struggle for emancipation – or freedom. But let’s listen now to Robert Penn, who claims that it also played a role in our evolutionary history.
但女性穿馬褲引起了社會的轟動和不滿。因為馬褲即便很寬鬆，還是褲子，而且長度不到腳踝處。所以自行車在女性自由方面也發揮了一定的作用。讓我們在聽聽Robert Penn，講述自行車在進化史方面也發揮了重要作用。
It definitely shored up the gene pool in countries like Britain because it meant that people could go further than they ever had before in order to find a partner for life and to mate. And so what started as a really faddish leisure pursuit, within a decade of 1885, the bicycle became the most popular form of transport on the planet, and it has been ever since.
自行車也支持了像英國這樣國家的基因庫。因為自行車的出現，意味著人們可以比以往走的更遠，去尋找伴侶，進行生育繁殖。所以在自行車發明的頭十年，它成為風靡一時的休閒活動。自行車成為全世界最受歡迎的出行方式，從未像當時那麼流行過。
What does shore up mean, Sophie?
shore up是什麼意思呢？
It means support. And gene pool here refers to the collection of genes in a particular population. So, when people travelled further to marry and have children, they were making the gene pool bigger and healthier.
是指支持。基因庫是指在某一人群基因的集合。當人們走的更遠，尋求結婚生子時，基因庫越來越大，越來越健康。
And Robert Penn uses the word faddish he says cycling started as a faddish thing. A fad – or faddish activity – means an enthusiasm for something that doesn’t last very long.
在提到自行車風行一時時，Robert Penn使用了faddish一詞。時尚，或時尚的活動，是指對某物的喜愛，通常不會持續很久。
But your enthusiasm for cycling is not a fad.
但你對自行車的熱情並不是一時的追逐流行。
No, it isn’t. Do you think lycra wearing is a fad and we’ll all go back to wearing pantaloons in the future, Sophie? No? Not a good look? OK, maybe it’s time for the answer to today’s quiz question.
沒錯。你覺得穿萊卡的衣服是時尚嗎，要不之後我們都穿馬褲吧？不要？不好看？好吧，我覺得是時候公佈今天問題的答案了。
I asked: Who invented the first cycle tyre in 1888?Was it … a) John Boyd Dunlop, b) Charles Goodyear or c) Harvey Samuel Firestone?
我問你：誰在1888年首次發明了自行車胎？a)約翰•登祿普，b) 查理斯•古德伊爾，還是c) 哈威•撒母耳•費爾斯通？
And I said John Boyd Dunlop. Tell me I’m right!
我選的是a)約翰•登祿普。快告訴我我回答對了！
You are… right! Well done, Neil. Scottish inventor and veterinary surgeon John Boyd Dunlop developed the pneumatic rubber tyre. Although it was invented as an improvement on the bicycle, the pneumatic tyre arrived on the scene just in time to contribute to the success of the car.
你的回答是正確的！做得好！蘇格蘭發明家兼獸醫約翰•登祿普發明了充氣橡膠輪胎。儘管只是在自行車上進行了改進，但自行車胎的問世之後也為汽車的成功做出了貢獻。
Now, here are the words we heard today.
我們聽聽今天學到的單詞：
They are:
分別是：
pneumatic 氣胎
voluminous 大量的
petticoat 襯裙
rational 合理的
pantaloons 馬褲
cinched 收緊的
outrage 憤怒
emancipation 解放
shore up 支持
gene pool 基因庫
fad or faddish 流行或流行的
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期再見。
And we are on social media too. Make sure to visit our profiles on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
我們也有社交媒體。歡迎在Facebook，推特，Instagram 和 YouTube上流覽我們的主頁。
You can get on your bike, now, Neil!
尼爾，你現在可以騎上你的自行車了！
Bye!
再見！
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