字神帝國英語天地

say cheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeese

今日主題：Even Monkeys Believe In Hot Streaks
即使是猴子，也相信連戰連勝 (有點強~~~~)

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2014/20140820sa_mind.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：

Rolling five straight sevens at the craps table. Sinking eight consecutive three-point basketball shots. Making the light at the intersection every day all week.
在賭桌上連續投擲出五個七點，連續投中八個三分球。一週七天，每天過十字路口都是綠燈通過。

Such streaks are all easily within the bounds of statistical probability. But when they're happening, people believe that they have what is often called the hot hand. Our brains are hardwired to find such patterns and meaning. And now researchers find that other primates also appear to believe in streaks.
在統計概率範圍內，這種連續事件是很容易做到。但是當它們發生時，人們總會認為是因為所謂的熱手效應。我們的大腦會習慣性的去尋找這樣的模式和意義。而現在，研究人員發現其他靈長類動物似乎也相信這種連續事件。

Scientists created computer games that could be played by rhesus monkeys. Some of the games were programmed to show clear patterns—that is, they were fixed. But one game gave random results. You can find more 60-Second Mind on chinavoa.com.
科研人員為獼猴研發了一些電腦遊戲，其中的一些遊戲被設定為清晰的模式——也就是說，它們被固定了。而有一種遊戲給出的則是隨機結果。

The monkeys played more than a thousand rounds, for rewards. They did well in the games with the obvious patterns. But in the random game, the monkeys made moves indicating that they nevertheless expected patterns to occur. The study is in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition. [Tommy C. Blanchard, Adreas Wilke and Benjamin Y. Hayden, Hot-hand bias in rhesus monkeys]
這些猴子們為了獲得獎品，就玩了1000多次。在模式清晰固定的遊戲中，它們表現得很好。但在隨機遊戲中，猴子們所做出的舉動表明，它們仍然期待能存在固定的模式。這項研究被發表在《實驗心理學：動物學習和認知》期刊上。

Evolution clearly favors the ability to find patterns—foraging for food and noticing where bunches of fruits occur is a great survival tool. But believing in a hot hand, especially in casinos, can make monkeys out of all of us.
—Erika Beras
很顯然，尋求模式的能力更能滿足進化的需要——尋覓食物和注意哪些地方才可以找到大量的水果是一個很重要的生存技能。但是尤其在賭場上，相信熱手效應，能讓猴子在我們人群中脫穎而出。—埃裡卡‧貝拉斯。