字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Species Split When Mountains Rise / 山脈隆起導致生物多樣化

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔(按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2017/20170414sa_earth.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
The tropics are well known for their biodiversity. But another hotspot? Mountains. Like the Hengduan Mountains, in south-central China.
熱帶地區因為其生物多樣性而為大家所知，但是它的另外一個熱點呢？山脈--例如在中國中南部的橫斷山脈。

"It'll look very much like this kind of familiar temperate alpine system, but the plant diversity there is off the charts."
這看起來就像熟悉的溫帶高山，但是在這個圖表上沒有生物的多樣性。

Rick Ree is associate curator of botany at the Field Museum in Chicago.
瑞克瑞是芝加哥菲爾德博物館植物學部門的副館長.

These mountains harbor a third of all China's plant species. And one hypothesis for mountain biodiversity is that mountain uplift creates new climates and habitats. "You'll see coniferous forests, limestone and granite outcrops with glaciers and rivers and alpine meadows."
這些山脈孕育了中國1/3的植物物種。其中對於山脈中生物多樣性的假設就是，隆起的山脈創造了新的氣候和棲息地。“你會看到原始森林、石灰岩以及花崗岩，冰川河流以及高山草甸。”

Plants take advantage of the new niches, and diversify.
植物利用這裡的新領域，並多元化。

Now Ree and his colleague, Yaowu Xing, have evidence supporting the idea for connection between mountain building and biodiversity. They used DNA data to build an evolutionary tree of plants in the Hengduan. Then they calibrated the tree with fossil data. And they saw an explosion in diversification around eight million years ago—right when uplift occurred. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
現在，瑞和同事邢曉武已經有證據支持造山和生物多樣性之間的關係。他們利用DNA資料建立了橫斷山植物的進化圖譜。之後，利用化石資料來校對這些樹木。他們發現在八萬年前這裡的生物多樣性激增——而這正是山脈隆起的時間。該研究結果發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》雜誌上。

So if new microclimates create new opportunities for diversification: what about global climate change? "If we look back on the history of life, one very striking pattern that we can see is that evolutionary diversification is pretty strongly associated with changing conditions. The flipside to change is that some species go extinct and some species diversify. So we're faced with both prospects I think going forward."
如果，新的氣候為生物多樣性創造了新的機遇：那麼全球變化呢?我們回顧生命的歷史，會發現一個驚人的模式，那就是生物多樣性和環境的變化有著密切的聯繫。變化的一方面是一些物種的滅絕，而另一些物種的多樣化。所以，我認為在未來我們面對的是雙面的前景。