字神帝國英語天地

 
 今日主題：Bring a Musician to Untangle Cocktail Party Din  亂糟糟的美國競選
 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160414sa_mind.mp3
 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
 中英文稿：
The 2016 presidential candidates have subjected voters nationwide to a cognitive challenge: can you untangle what one candidate is saying while the others talk over him? That challenge is a test of something called the cocktail party problem, or "speech-on-speech perception." Which researchers in The Netherlands recently investigated, with a group of 18 musicians and 20 nonmusicians—to see if musicians are any better at it.
2016年各位總統候選人讓全國各地的選民面臨這樣一個認知難題：你能從一大堆聲音中區分出總統侯選人的聲音嗎?這個難題被稱為雞尾酒會問題，或者“言語認知”。最近荷蘭研究人員調查了18名音樂家以及20名非音樂人士，來驗證是否音樂家在聲音分辨方面更有優勢。

The scientists played the study subjects a sample of one speaker masking another—for example, try to follow what the second speaker is saying: Except they used Dutch samples. Anyway, the participants listened to this multi-voice babble with headphones, then attempted to repeat the target sentence, to see how many words they could make out. And it turns out musicians scored significantly higher than non-musicians did in deciphering the target phrase. The study is in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.
科學家為研究物件播放了語音樣本，其中一位元發言人的聲音掩蓋了另一位發言人的聲音——而實驗物件需要理解第二位元發言人的講話——如果第二位發言人講的是荷蘭語，那麼就算了。總之，這些實驗物件帶著耳機聽了多個人含糊不清的說話，然後試圖重複目標語句，以驗證自己理解的程度。結果表名，在破譯目標片語方面，音樂家得分遠高於非音樂人士。該研究結果發表在《美國聲學學會》雜誌上。

Turns out musicians might be better at something called "stream segregation"—separating out one meaningful audio stream among others. "And this is the case indeed for musicians when they want to listen to hear out one specific instrument, within a group of instruments." Etienne Gaudrain, a hearing scientist at University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands. His co-author, Deniz Başkent agreed. "Anecdotally, when I speak to my musician friends, they do indeed mention situations like this, that they say they can switch their attention easily to either hear one stream, like from an orchestra piece or a band, or they can also combine patterns. So this requires quite a lot of cognitive control to be able to hear one stream or two streams together or to hear all of them together, but we think they are very well trained in this kind of skill.”
研究結果表明，音樂家更擅長區分聲音流——在嘈雜的聲音流中區分出有意義的聲音流。“實際上，這就像音樂家在想要辨別某種特定的樂器的聲音。”埃蒂安是荷蘭格羅寧根大學醫學中心的科學家，這樣說到。他文章的合作者Deniz Başkent對他的觀點也表示贊同。“在我和自己的音樂方面的朋友們談到這個情況時，他們會講到這樣的情景，自己可以將注意力從管弦樂、樂隊等一種聲音流中進行轉換，也可以同時聽多種聲音。這就要求嚴格控制自己的認知來聽一種或兩種聲音流，或者聽所有的聲音流。我們認為他們在這方面的技能非常的優秀。

It's unclear whether this ability helps the candidates much. Neither Mike Huckabee, who plays bass in the band "Capitol Offense," nor Martin O'Malley, who strums and croons in "O'Malley's March," made it far enough to really exercise their ears.
尚不清楚這項技能能否幫助各位候選者。麥克•哈克比，在樂隊演奏低音“國會進攻”以及馬丁•奧馬利，亂彈低吟淺唱“奧馬利的三月”，真的不足以鍛煉他們的耳朵。