字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Photonic Chip Could Strengthen Smartphone Encryption / 亂數並不隨機--這才是真正的亂數

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science

康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160913sa_tech.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Random numbers are hugely important for modern computing. They're used to encrypt credit card numbers and emails. To inject randomness into online gaming. And to simulate super complex phenomena, like protein folding or nuclear fission.
亂數字對於現代計算系統至關重要。因為可以用其對信用卡以及郵件進行加密。同時可以為網路遊戲增加隨機性，也可以模擬超級複雜的現象，如，蛋白質的結構以及核裂變。

But here's the dirty secret: a lot of these so-called random numbers are not truly random. They're actually what’s known as "pseudo random numbers," generated by algorithms. Think of generating random numbers by rolling dice. If you know the number of dice, it’s simple to figure out something about the realm of possible random numbers—thus putting probabilistic limits on the randomness.
但是有一個不可告人的秘密，那就是很多這些所謂的亂數字實際上不是隨機的。它們實際上是由演算法產生的“偽亂數”。想想通過搖骰子產生的亂數字。如果你知道骰子的數量，很容易計算出這個領域可能產生的亂數字。這樣就限制了隨機的概率性。

But truly random numbers can be generated through quantum mechanical processes. So researchers built a photonic chip—a computer chip that uses photons instead of electrons. The chip has two lasers: one shoots continuously; the other pulses at regular intervals. Each time the two lasers meet, the interference between the light beams is random, thanks to the rules of quantum mechanics. The chip then digitizes that random signal, and voila: a quantum random number generator. The study is in the journal Optica.
但是，真正的亂數字可以通過量子力學產生。所以研究人員，建立了一個光子晶片——這個電腦晶片可以利用光子代替電子。同是該鐳射有兩個雷射器——一個雷射器可以不停發射鐳射，而另外一個是定期發射。每一次兩種鐳射相遇，根據量子力學的規則，這兩束光束之間的干擾是隨機的。晶片然後將隨機的信號數位化，那就是：量子亂數產生器。該研究結果發表在Optica雜誌。

It's not the first time this sort of thing's been built. But compared to old prototypes, this chip is much smaller—a sixth the size of a penny—and works at high speeds. Meaning small and fast enough for a smartphone? The researchers say that's an entirely predictable outcome.
這並不是第一個量子亂數產生器。但與之前的相比，這個晶片更小——是為一便士的1/6——並以告訴運轉。這意味著，其對智能手機而言，體積小，運轉快？研究人員表示，最後的結果將不會出乎大家的意料。