今日主題:Europe Justice in Croatia-- Outs and ins / 歐洲克羅埃西亞:爭議的正義--進進出出
康康精選GRE&GMAT會考的主題,堅持每天精讀一定會進步的哦!!
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http://xia2.kekenet.com/Sou…/2016/…/eco160831_0346363NLs.mp3
只有音檔怎夠,聽不懂地方,不用怕,康康幫你準備好中英文稿了:
中英文稿:
Europe Justice in Croatia-- Outs and ins
歐洲克羅埃西亞:爭議的正義--進進出出
The political ramifications of several judicial rulings
司法判決衍生的政治風波
Celebrating with the generals
與上將同慶
In the Balkans the big news is who is out of jail, who is in and who is going to court. All the cases are high-profile and all have political fall out. The most significant was the acquittal on November 16th of two Croatian generals by the UN war-crimes tribunal in The Hague. Croats were ecstatic, Serbs bitter.
誰出獄了,誰坐牢了,誰將接受審判,這是在巴爾幹半島上的重磅消息。每起案件都引人關注,其影響波及政治。其中的焦點是11月16日海牙聯合國戰犯特別法庭宣判兩位克羅埃西亞上將無罪。克羅埃西亞人欣喜若狂,塞爾維亞人則痛飲一杯苦酒。
Ante Gotovina and Mladen Markac were first convicted in 2011 of conspiring, as part of a “joint criminal enterprise”, to drive Serbs out of Croatia’s Krajina region. When Yugoslavia disintegrated in the early 1990s the Serbs, backed by Serbia and the Yugoslav army, carved out their own mini-state in Krajina. But in 1995 the Croatian army took most of it back. Some 200,000 Serbs fled, most never to return. Nobody denies that war crimes took place. But the acquittal of the two generals means that the court believes there was no organised plan for “ethnically cleansing” the Serbs.
格托維納和瑪律卡奇曾因參與將塞爾維亞人驅逐出克羅埃西亞克拉基納地區的“共同犯罪”而在2011年被判罪。當南斯拉夫在90年代早期解體的時候,塞爾維亞人在塞爾維亞和南斯拉夫軍隊的支持下,辛勞拼搏,在克拉基納創造出了自己的迷你小國。但在1995年克羅埃西亞軍隊將大部分領土收復,大約20萬塞爾維亞人逃走了,他們中大多數一去不復返。沒有人否認戰爭罪行的發生。但兩位上將的無罪釋放意味著法院相信,並不存在針對塞爾維亞人的有組織的種族清洗。
The generals returned home to a heroes’ welcome. Mr Gotovina may even enter politics. If he does it will be as a man of the right close to the Catholic church. No Croat has until now been convicted by the UN tribunal for actions during the war in Croatia. For Croats the ruling vindicates their struggle against the Serbs as one without original sin.
上將如英雄般凱旋而歸。格托維納上將甚至有可能從政。如果他從政的話,他的權力將會如日中天。目前尚不曾有克羅埃西亞人因為戰爭罪行而被聯合國特別法庭判罪。對克羅埃西亞人而言,判決也證實了他們在對塞戰爭中是清白無罪的。
Serbs greeted the release of the generals with fury. The decision “belittles the Serb victims and makes them worthless,” said Ivica Dacic, Serbia’s prime minister. Serbs have always believed that the UN tribunal is just an anti-Serb kangaroo court. Liberals have fought tooth and nail to persuade their compatriots otherwise. For them the ruling is a catastrophe. On November 29th the court will rule on the appeal of Ramush Haradinaj, a former prime minister of Kosovo, and two others. They were acquitted in 2008 but an appeal was allowed—in part, said the court, because of “serious witness intimidation”. No Serbs expect them to be convicted now.
塞爾維亞人對上將的釋放惱怒不堪。塞爾維亞首相達希科說,這樣的判決“藐視塞爾維亞犧牲者,讓他們的犧牲無足輕重”。塞爾維亞人一直以來認為聯合國特別法庭只是一個反塞爾維亞人的“袋鼠法庭”。開明人士一直努力奮鬥,勸說同胞事實並非如此。對他們而言,判決結果不啻一場大災難。在11月19日,法院會處理對科索沃前首相哈拉迪納吉和其他兩人的上訴。他們在2008年被宣佈無罪,但法院表示,由於存在“嚴重恐嚇目擊證人”的情節,所以有上訴的機會。沒有塞爾維亞人認為他們現在會被宣判有罪。
If the court could not prove a “joint criminal enterprise” in Croatia, how can it prove that one existed in the cases of the two Bosnian Serb leaders on trial, Ratko Mladic and Radovan Karadzic? One of the UN court’s remits is reconciliation. Legal judgments aside, achieving this will now be harder than ever.
如果法院不能證明在克羅埃西亞存在“共同犯罪”,那又如何能證明在對兩位波士尼亞的塞爾維亞領導人,拉特科•姆拉迪奇和拉多萬•卡拉季奇的審判中存在這樣的“共同犯罪”呢?一致性是聯合國法庭的原則之一。先不說判決公正與否,眼下連達成一致性也比以往更為困難。
War crimes are not the only cases in the news. On November 20th Ivo Sanader, Croatia’s former prime minister, was jailed for ten years for corruption. A week earlier Radimir Cacic, Croatia’s deputy prime minister, resigned. He was convicted for causing two deaths in a road accident in Hungary and is set to go to prison. In Serbiaa former deputy prime minister has been arrested as part of a fraud investigation. And in Kosovo Fatmir Limaj, a significant political figure, has been charged with organised crime and corruption and sent for retrial on war-crimes charges of which he was previously acquitted. There has never been a better time to be a Balkan lawyer.
戰爭罪並非是新聞中唯一的案件。在11月20日,克羅埃西亞前首相埃沃•桑納德因腐敗而被判入獄十年。一周前,克羅埃西亞的副首相拉迪米爾瀠偠奇宣佈辭職。他因為在匈牙利的一起交通事故中造成兩人死亡而被起訴,並行將入獄。在塞爾維亞一位前副首相在詐騙案的調查中被逮捕。在科索沃,一位政界顯要俐馬基因為有預謀的犯罪和腐敗而被起訴,並為他此前已經宣佈無罪的戰爭罪再次接受審判。現在到巴爾幹半島當律師真是再合適不過了。
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