字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Deleting memorie 刪除記憶

凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/136.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Finn.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC6分鐘英語。我是Finn。
And I’m Rob.
我是Rob。
Rob, I’m going to ask a personal question – do you have any bad memories?
Rob，我想問一個私人問題--你有不好的回憶嗎？
Yes. When I was young I was bitten by a dog. And he bit my arm. Not nice.
有啊。當我小的時候被狗咬過。它咬了我的胳膊。不好。
Really? Do you ever wish you could delete – or remove – that memory?
真的嗎？你曾經想要刪除或要移除那個記憶嗎？
Oh yes, absolutely. Yes. I don’t want to remember that.
是啊，當然。我不想再想起那件事。
OK. Well, today we’ll be talking about new research that has successfully deleted memories. We’ll also explain some vocabulary related to the brain. But, as always, first let’s start with a question.
OK。今天我們來討論一項新的研究，這個研究成功地刪除了記憶。我們也會學一些跟大腦有關的詞彙。但像往常一樣，首先我們以一個問題開頭。
A good idea Finn.
好主意，Finn。
We’re talking about the role of neurons in the brain – these are the cells that transmit information. So, roughly how many neurons do scientists think we have? Is it: a) 8-10 million b) 8-10 billion c) 80-100 billion
我們來討論下大腦神經元的作用--這些都是傳遞資訊的細胞。科學家們認為我們的大腦大約有多少神經元？是：a）800-1000萬 b）80-100億 c）800-1000億
Wow. I know we have a lot of neurons; however, a 100 billion would be a lot to get into your brain, so I’m going for the small number, 8 to 10 million.
Wow。我知道我們有非常多的神經元；然而大腦有1000億個細胞實在太多了，所以我要選數字小一點的800-1000萬。
OK, Rob. We’ll find out if you are right or wrong at the end of the programme. So, how have scientists managed to remove specific memories? Well, the research was carried out in the Netherlands at Radboud University, Nijmegen.
好的Rob。在節目的最後我們來揭曉答案。科學家們是怎麼做到移除特定記憶的呢？這項研究是在荷蘭的Nijmegen Radboud大學進行的。
Yes, they’ve been using something called ECT – electroconvulsive therapy – this treatment involves electric pulses through the brain.
他們使用的是ECT--電休克療法--這種療法包括電脈衝通過大腦。
Yes – it’s quite a controversial treatment, partly thanks to films like One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, where a terrified patient is strapped to a table and forced to receive these shocks…
是的，這是一個很有爭議的治療，部分原因是由於像飛越瘋人院這樣的電影,一位嚇壞了的病人被綁在一張桌子，被迫接受這些衝擊…
But it’s used as a last resort – a last option - for people with severe depression. Now, in this study they’ve been looking at neurons – and memories are actually stored in the connections between these neurons, according to Dr Martin Kroes on the team.
但它是作為最後一招——最後一個選項——患有嚴重抑鬱症的人。在這項研究中他們一直在研究神經元--記憶就儲存在這些神經元間，根據Martin Kroes的團隊。
He says these connections take some time to become permanent, and "if you disturb this process, you lose the connection between the brain cells altogether".
他說要成為永久性的這些連結需要一些時間，“如果打斷這個過程，你就會丟失大腦細胞間的聯繫”
So, if you lose the connection – you lose the memory. That was the idea. Could they make it work in an experiment? Listen to BBC reporter Anna Holligan talking about what happened to the patients.
因此，如果失去了聯繫，你就丟失了記憶。就是這個研究。那在試驗中能成功嗎？ 讓我們來聽一下BBC記者Anna Holligan做的報導，在這些病人身上發生了什麼。
Participants were patients already being treated with ECT. They were shown two sets of picture cards each telling a story. Then just before an ECT session they were shown one of the stories again to reactivate that particular memory. The results were remarkable, after the ECT they forgot the story they just looked at, while the memory of the other story was unaffected.
這些參加者們都是已經經過ECT治療的病人。給他們展示了聊天圖片，每一套講述一個故事。在開始ECT階段前，他們再一次看到其中一組故事以重新啟動該特定的記憶。結果很顯著：經過ECT治療後他們都忘了之前剛看的故事，而另外一個故事卻並未受到影響。
So – patients were shown two sets of cards. Then, just before ECT, they were shown one of the sets again to reactivate it – to make it active again.
所以--病人們看了兩套卡片。然後在ECT治療前，他們又一次看了其中的一組卡片以此啟動記憶。
They then had ECT – and when they woke up,they forgot the memory of the card they had just looked at – the one that had just been reactivated.
然後他們接受了ECT治療--當他們醒來時，他們忘記了之前看到的那組卡片--就是之前剛被重新啟動的。
Yes. Now, we should mention that one of the side-effects of ECT is memory loss – so why is this surprising? It’s because they were able to target specific memories.
是的。現在我們應當提一下，ECT的副作用之一就是會導致記憶喪失--但為什麼會讓人吃驚呢？因為他們可以特定消除記憶。
OK. Well, it’s thought that this new technique could help people with PTSD – post-traumatic stress disorder. It’s a memory-related illness where people who experience something very stressful and upsetting, something traumatic, such as war, continue to be affected by it psychologically.
OK。它被認為這項新技術可以幫助有PTSD（創傷後應激障礙）的人們。這是一個跟記憶有關的病當人們處於壓力大或緊張的情況時。一些創傷，如戰爭，可以從心理上持續受到影響。
Yes, the hope is that these traumatic memories could be deleted.
是的，希望是這些有心理創傷的記憶可以定向刪除。
Which would be an exciting development. Now, before we forget, let’s remind everyone of today’s question.
這真的是一項令人興奮的發現。現在，在我們失憶前，讓我們回憶下今天的問題。
Yes, very good. Well, it was about the number of neurons in the human brain. Now, are there: 8-10 million 8-10 billion 80-100 billion
是的，很好。是關於人類大腦神經元數量的問題。是：800-1000萬80-100億800-1000億
And I thought it was just a mere 8 to 10 million.
我認為僅僅是800-1000萬
Well there are, supposedly, 80 to 100 billion of these things in our brains. Not all scientists agree on the exact number. But still it’s about as many as there are stars in the whole Universe.
好吧，我們的大腦大概有800-1000億個神經元、並不是所有的科學家都認可準確的數字。但它可以和整個宇宙的星體差不多一樣多。
It would take forever to count those!
永遠都數不清！
I don’t know who’s counting – one by one! Now, Rob, can you remind everyone about today’s vocabulary?
我不知道誰在一個又一個的數！現在，Rob，您能給大家回憶下今天的詞彙嗎？
I think that memory has been removed!
我想我的記憶都沒有了！
Oh, it’s been deleted? OK!
都被刪除了嗎？好吧！
Only joking.
笑話而已啦。
You have it?
你想起來了。
Yes, I have it now, it’s come back to me! We heard: delete ;neurons;pulses Controversial;a last resort;depression Reactivate;PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder);traumatic
是的，我想起來了，它回到我身邊了！我們聽到的有：delete--刪除; neurons--神經元; pulses --脈衝Controversial--有爭議的; a last resort--最後一招; depression --抑鬱; Reactivate--重新啟動; PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)--創傷後應激障礙; traumatic--創傷性。
Thank you very much Rob. And that’s it for this week’s 6 Minute English. We hope you’ve enjoyed today’s programme. Please join us again soon.
非常感謝。這就是這周BBC6分鐘的全部內容了。希望大家喜歡今天的節目。請繼續加入我們。
Bye.
拜~
Bye.
拜~