字神帝國英語天地

 今日主題：Transforming Stem Cells into Diabetes Beaters  未來糖尿病治癒新方法

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160503sa_science.mp3
 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
 中英文稿：
One of the great promises of stem-cell biology is to use a patient’s own cells as a template to build a real, working organ or tissue in the lab. One prime example: a treatment for diabetes by turning stem cells into working pancreatic beta cells, which release insulin.
幹細胞生物學的前途之一就是利用病人自己的細胞作為範本在實驗室生成實際、工作的器官或組織。典型的例子：將幹細胞轉化為釋放胰島素的胰腺β細胞，用於治療糖尿病。

"The existing beta cells that our lab and others had created were 90 percent of the way there. But 90 percent still means not functional." Ron Evans, a molecular biologist at the Salk Institute.
“實驗室以及其他場所現存的β細胞，約有90%都是利用這種方式生成。但是也有90%不能正常工作。”羅恩•埃文斯，是索爾克研究所的分子生物學家。

Evans compares the stem-cell-derived beta cells they first made to a darkened room. "If you walk into that room, there may be everything in it that you need to be a complete room, with furniture and chairs and everything else. But it's dark. And the key is: what do you need to turn on the light?"
埃文斯將他們首次利用幹細胞生成β細胞比作為一個黑暗的房間。“你走進那間房間，那裡的東西應有盡有，有傢俱、椅子還有其他別的東西。但是房間是黑的。問題的關鍵是，：“你需要什麼才可以打開燈呢?”

That light switch, Evans discovered, is a gene—called estrogen-related receptor gamma. Flip it on, and it activates a genetic circuit that ramps up mitochondria production, powers up the cell, and endows the almost-functional beta cells with the ability to sense glucose and release insulin in response.
燈亮了，埃文斯發現，打開燈的是與雄性激素有關的感受器γ基因。打開γ，其會啟動基因電路，基因電路可以加大線粒體產量、為細胞提供能量、同時使功能細胞β細胞有感受葡萄糖含量和釋放胰島素的能力。

Evans's team recently used that trick to transform stem cells into beta cells that worked just like they would in a healthy pancreas. When they transplanted those cells into mice with a mouse version of diabetes, blood glucose fell to normal levels in half the rodents. The results are in the journal Cell Metabolism.
最近，埃文斯的團隊利用這種辦法將幹細胞轉化成β細胞，生成的β細胞可以在健康的胰腺內工作。當他們將這些細胞移植入有糖尿病老鼠的體內後，有一半老鼠的體內葡萄糖含量降低至正常水準。該研究結果發表在《細胞新陳代謝》雜誌上。

Next, Evans says he'll replicate the test in diabetic primates. "Primates get diabetes in a fashion that's very similar to people. So if it works in a primate, very high probability that it's going to work in people." If it does, we might someday replace a shot of insulin with a shot of cells.
接下來，埃文斯表示自己會在糖尿病靈長類動物體內複製該實驗。“靈長類動物的糖尿病的種類與人類非常的相似。如果該實驗在靈長類動物體內成功，則在人體成功幾率則非常高。”這樣的話，在未來的某一天，我們就可以用植入細胞取代胰島素注釋來治療糖尿病。