字神帝國英語天地

 
👑 今日主題：Woodpecker Head Bangs Communicate Info  啄木鳥發出的聲音

🎁 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
🎁 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

🎁 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160428sa_mind.mp3

🎁 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

🎁 中英文稿：
Some birds produce beautiful songs
有些鳥兒可以唱出美妙的歌聲。

Woodpeckers are not among them. The most familiar sound they make is when they tap on tree trunks with their bills to produce what’s called “drumming."
"This drumming that they show is essentially them kind of slamming their head against a tree at remarkable speeds.” Wake Forest University biologist Matthew Fuxjager
但是啄木鳥卻不在其列。我們最熟悉的聲音就是它們用嘴敲打樹幹所發出的咚咚咚的聲音。“啄木鳥咚咚咚的聲音實際上是它們在用極快的速度用頭敲打樹幹”。維克森林大學的生物學家Matthew Fuxjager說道。

“Some of the woodpeckers will use this kind of drumming-type maneuvering to excavate a nest, they'll make little caches in a tree to store food, or some of them will actually forage that way. But then they also use it for this social signal."
有些啄木鳥會利用這種碰撞的行為努力挖掘巢穴。它們會在樹上弄出一個小儲藏間來存放食物，或者有些用這種方式來搜尋食物。但有時它們也會用這種方式作為社交上的信號。

Fuxjager’s team broadcast the pre-recorded sounds of head slams to mated pairs of downy woodpeckers in the woods nearby. They discovered that there's a lot of information communicated in the drumming.
Fuxjager的研究小組播報了附近樹林中毛茸茸的啄木鳥用頭撞樹這種聲音來配對時被他們記錄下來的音訊資訊。他們發現這種咚咚咚的聲音內涵豐富。

For example, woodpeckers that produce shorter drums are probably kind of wimpy, and easy to beat in a fight. But if a drum is longer, the challenger might be advertising itself as a stronger, tougher bird, one that's a bit harder to fend off.
比如，弄出短促聲音的啄木鳥或許身體瘦弱，容易被打敗。但是如果咚咚咚的聲音綿延持久，這只鳥也許就只正在展示它自己強壯不好惹的特質，想打敗它或許有點而難哦。

And after hearing recordings of long drums, pairs of birds begin to coordinate the defense of their territory. They don’t bother with such behavior after short drums.
在聽過長音咚咚咚的音訊記錄後，一對對的鳥兒們開始協調對它們自己的領地進行防禦部署。它們在聽到短促的聲音後並沒有做出上述行動。

The researchers think that this kind of coordination might have evolved because woodpeckers invest so much time and energy carving out their nest hole in a tree. If they were kicked out and had to start over, they might not get a chance to reproduce and fledge their offspring. By responding only to more realistic threats, woodpecker pairs can conserve energy to be expended at the hard work of raising their headstrong chicks.
研究人員們認為，這種協調一致的行動也許因為啄木鳥投入了大量時間和精力在一顆樹上雕刻它們的洞穴而得到進化。如果它們被迫出局而不得不從新開始，也許它 們就不會有機會繁衍並餵養他們的後代。通過只對更現實的威脅作出反應，一對對的啄木鳥們可以保存實力並將之用在更困難的家庭事務上比如說飼養它們那些任性 的小崽子們。