字神帝國英語天地

 今日主題：全球浪費：Global waste: food for thought  全球浪費：引人深思

 凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
 康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/43.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I’m Chris and with me today is Jen.
大家好，歡迎來到今天的BBC六分鐘英語，我是Chris，今天和我一起為大家討論的是Jen。
Hi there… Mmmm… Phew, I’m full. Well, I don’t want this other sandwich. Where’s the bin?
大家好！哎呀，我太飽了。好吧，我吃不下剩下的三明治了，垃圾桶在哪？
Jen, are you going to throw away that sandwich?
Jen，你打算扔掉那個三明治嗎？
What’s wrong with throwing it in the bin?
把它扔到垃圾桶有什麼問題嗎？
Before you throw it away, let’s talk about today’s topic shall we? Global food waste.Now, how often do you throw food away?
在你丟掉它之前，我們開始今天的話題，可以嗎？全球食品浪費。現在，你多久丟棄一次食物？
Well, I don’t waste food all the time. It’s usually when I’ve bought too much food and later I realise it has expired – or gone out of date.
我從來都不浪費食物的。這種情況通常發生在當我買了太多食物的情況下，之後我意識到食物已經過期或者超過生產日期，我就會扔掉這些食物。
Yes, I’ve done the same thing from time to time. But did you know that globally we are getting worse at wasting, or throwing away, water and food – food that is often still edible?
的確，我也時常做同樣的事。但是，你知道全世界的人們在浪費、扔掉水和食物方面都做的越來越差，並且這些食物還依然能食用。
I suppose it’s not such a good thing to throw away food – especially when some people are desperately hungry.
我認為扔掉食物不是什麼好事，尤其是很多人還在饑餓邊緣掙扎。
Absolutely. Now, before we go on, I’ve got a question for you – see if you can answer it.How much food is wasted every year around the world? Is it: a) 5,000 tonnes b) 1 million tonnes c) 1.3 billion tonnes
當然了。現在在我們繼續話題之前，我有個問題，看你是否能夠回答。全世界每年浪費多少食物？5千噸100萬噸13億噸
I think it’s going to be quite a high number so I’m going to go for c), 1.3 billion tonnes.
我想那將是一個相當大的數字，我選C
OK, I’ll reveal the answer for you at the end of the programme. Now, a conference in Sweden met recently to discuss food and water waste around the world. They say that about a quarter of the food that is produced for us to eat doesn’t actually make it to our dinner plates – it is wasted.
好的，在節目最後我將告訴你答案。現在，最近在瑞典舉行了會議，討論世界各地的食品和水的浪費問題。會議稱四分之一為人們吃飯問題而生產的食物實際上並沒有進入我們的餐盤——這些食品被浪費掉了。
A quarter! Why is all this food being wasted?
四分之一！為什麼這些食品一直被浪費掉？
Well, it varies. In wealthier countries one problem is our attitude to the way food should look when we buy it. Here’s a clip from a report by BBC Correspondent Mark Doyle – what do consumers in richer countries expect from their food?
其實是有所變化的。在富裕一點的國家，問題之一是當我們購買食物的時候，我們應該看看自己對待食物的態度。這裡是一部分BBC記者Mark Doyle的報告——富裕國家的消費者對他們的食物抱有哪些希望？
Delegates to the conference in Sweden were told that about a quarter of the food we produce worldwide never reaches our plates. The way food is wasted varies.In richer countries, consumers expect their food to look so perfect that slightly blemished, though perfectly nutritious, fruit and vegetables never reach the supermarkets.
瑞典會議的代表們被告知，全世界生產的大約四分之一的食物並沒有到達人們的餐盤。食物被浪費的方式是多種多樣的。在富裕國家，消費者期待他們的食品看起來很完美，略有瑕疵，既然營養豐富，這樣的水果也永遠無法進入超級市場。
So consumers expect their food to look absolutely perfect.
因此，消費者期待他們的食物看起來絕對完美。
That’s right. Imagine you’re in a supermarket and you want to buy a banana. One banana looks perfect; another one has a blemish – or a mark – on it. Which would you buy? Both bananas are perfectly nutritious to eat.
沒錯。想像你在超級市場，你想買香蕉。一個香蕉看起來很完美，另一個有瑕疵或標記在上面。你會買哪個？兩個香蕉營養都很豐富。
Well, I’d probably take the one that looked perfect.
那麼，我很可能買第一個看起來完美的。
Exactly, and supermarkets do the same, but on a much bigger scale. They ask the farmers who supply them with fruit and vegetables to throw away any items that have imperfections.
的確，超市也是這麼做的，但是是更大規模。他們要求供應他們水果和蔬菜的農民們扔掉看起來不完美的。
Which means lots are wasted, even if they are perfectly nutritious to eat. So maybe our reliance on supermarkets is one of the reasons why richer countries are wasting so much?
那意味著很多都被浪費了，即使他們營養豐富。因此可能我們對超市的依賴就是為什麼富裕國家浪費如此多的原因之一。
According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, the average European or North American consumer wastes between 95-115kg of food per year. Compare that with people in sub-Saharan Africa who waste only 6-11kg per year.
根據聯合國食品和農業組織，歐洲或北美平均每年浪費95到115噸的食物。和在撒哈拉以南的非洲地區的人相比，每年只有浪費6到11公斤的食物。
Astonishing.
令人驚訝。
But there is food waste in developing countries too, but it’s not from consumers – most of the waste is on farms.Let’s hear another clip from Mark Doyle’s report – why are farms in developing countries wasting so much?
但是在發展中國家也有食物浪費，但是不是來自消費者——而是來自農村。讓我們來聽Mark Doyle的報告，為什麼發展國家的農村浪費如此嚴重？
In poorer, developing, countries most of the waste is on farms. Inefficient farming techniques are part of the problem and hot and humid conditions make storing crops difficult. Pests and diseases take their toll too.
在較窮的發展中國家，大部分浪費來自農村。效率低下的耕種技術是原因之一，炎熱而潮濕的條件使保存糧食變得很困難。害蟲和疾病也造成損失。
So farms in developing countries use inefficient farming techniques, which lead to waste.
因此發展中國家的農村使用效率低下的耕種技術導致了食物浪費。
It said that storing crops in hot and humid conditions can also be difficult. If you’ve ever left fruit out in the sun, it can quickly rot.
據說，在炎熱潮濕的環境下保存糧食也很困難。如果你曾把水果放在陽光下，它就會迅速腐壞。
In addition, pests – such as flies and rats – also take their toll. These pests spoil the crops and they have to be thrown away.
此外，害蟲，比如蒼蠅和老鼠也造成了部分損失。這些害蟲破壞了糧食作物，這些糧食必須被扔掉。
So there needs to be investment in farming to improve things like food storage and packaging for the farming industry.
因此他們需要在耕種方面進行投資，以改善例如食品存儲和打包這樣的環節。
And it’s not just food; water is another precious resource being wasted. Now which industry do you think consumes the most fresh water?
而且並不只是食物，另一個珍貴的被浪費的資源是水。目前你認為，哪個工業消耗最多的淡水？
Perhaps the manufacturing industry?
可能是製造業？
In fact, it is agriculture through irrigation – or watering the land – so crops can grow. About 70% of all the fresh water used around the world is for farm irrigation.
事實上，是農業中的灌溉業，通過對土地澆水促進作物生長。全世界大約70%的淡水被用來灌溉。
If we’re wasting food, then farmers are wasting water to grow the food that is thrown away.
如果我們浪費食物，那麼農民就是浪費水資源來灌溉那些被扔掉的食物。
Yes, food waste puts pressure on the supply of water too. Looking into the future, this will become a greater problem. By 2050, it’s likely we’ll be using 50% more fresh water to feed the extra 3 billion people on the planet.
是的，食物浪費給水供給也帶來的壓力。看看未來，這將是更大的問題。到了2050年，很可能我們將使用超過50%的淡水來養活超過30億的人們。
So we need to think more carefully about food and water waste… Maybe I should hang on to this sandwich then.
因此我們需要認真想想關於食物和水浪費的問題...可能我應該留著這個三明治。
I think you should. Now, returning to the question I asked at the beginning of the programme: how much food is wasted every year around the world? Is it: a) 5,000 tonnes b) 1 million tonnes c) 1.3 billion tonnes
我想你應該留著，現在，回到我在節目開始問的問題。全世界有多少食物被浪費？5000噸100萬噸13億噸
And I said it was c) 1.3 billion tonnes.
我覺得是13億噸。
And you were absolutely right. It’s a staggering amount of waste.
你答對了。這真是驚人的浪費。
It certainly is food for thought!
這真是引人深思啊！
I agree with that. Well, that’s all we’ve got time for. Do join us again for more 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com. Bye for now!
我同意，到時間了，歡迎加入我們更多六分鐘英語學習。
Bye!
拜拜！