字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Cockroach Caca Contains Chemical Messages Made by Microbes 利用微生物讓蟑螂有進無出

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20151225sa_science.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Microbes play a huge role in our nutrition, our immunity, maybe even our mental health. But we aren’t the only ones that rely on these armies of resident bacteria. "Baby cockroaches, the ones that just emerge from the egg, don't have any gut bacteria." Coby Schal, an entomologist and chemical ecologist at North Carolina State University. "The first thing they do is take a nice feces meal: basically, eating the poop of their brothers and sisters and mothers and fathers."
微生物在我們的營養、免疫力甚至我們的心理健康中都發揮著重要的作用。但是並只是是我們人類依賴這些常住細菌。“那些剛才出殼的幼兒蟑螂，腸道內並沒有含 有細菌。”科比•沙爾是北卡羅萊納州立大學的一名昆蟲學者和化學生態學家。他講到，“這些剛出生的蟑螂所作的第一件事情就是享受一場糞便盛宴，基本上就是 吃他們兄弟姐妹和父母的糞便。”

Excrement inoculates the roaches with beneficial gut bugs, Schal says. And it's also a longevity-boosting nutritional supplement. But the weirdest thing is, the poop actually calls the tots to come hither. Because it's laced with compounds, like fatty acids, that attract roaches of all ages. The substances are called aggregation pheromones. So poop essentially serves as a rallying call to congregate—and feast.
沙爾稱，糞便孕育蟑螂擁有有益的腸道細菌。同時糞便還為蟑螂提供長期的營養供給。但是最奇怪的事情是，這些糞便會招引一些幼兒的蟑螂。因為這些糞便中含有 脂肪酸等有機化合物，會吸引各個年齡階段的蟑螂。這些物質被稱為聚合資訊素。所以糞便實際上是蟑螂們聚集——享受盛宴的集合信號。

To determine where the attractive chemicals come from, Schal and his colleagues raised a group of sterile, microbe-free cockroaches—and then collected their excrement.
為了確定這些有吸引力的化學物質來自哪裡，沙爾和同事們飼養了一群無菌的、無微生物的蟑螂，並收集了他們的排泄物。

But as they suspected, the sterile stuff, without any microbial by-products, failed to tantalize other roaches. They then gave the sterile bugs a fecal transplant. "So we took feces of normal cockroaches, and exposed sterile cockroaches to those feces. They very readily eat these feces and they incorporate the microbes, the bacteria from these feces, into their gut. And then these cockroaches then produce the aggregation pheromone again." They published the findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
但是令他們懷疑的是，這些無菌、沒有任何微生物副產品的糞便並沒有吸引其他的蟑螂。之後，研究人員給這些無菌的蟲子進行糞便移植。“我們收集正常蟑螂的糞 便，然後將無菌的蟑螂來接觸這些糞便。這些無菌的蟑螂非常樂意享受這些糞便，然後它們就會吸收這些糞便中的微生物和細菌。之後這些蟑螂就會產生聚合資訊 素。”研究人員將研究結果發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上。

The results suggest gut bacteria may do a lot more than we thought—including, at least for cockroaches, aid communication. That's a plus for us—because we might be able to hijack those compounds to build better baits and traps. To make sure that [Clip from commercial: "Roaches check in… but they don't check out."]
研究結果表明腸道細菌的功能可能比我們想像的要多——其中對於蟑螂來說，包括輔助交流。這對我們來說有幫助的——因為我們或許可以劫持這些化合物來構建更好的誘餌和陷阱。保證蟑螂們“有進無出”。