字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Supercooled Organs Could Stretch Time to Transplant
過冷器官可以為器官移植延長時間

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20140710sa_science.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
If you need a new liver, doctors have about twelve hours to transport it from a donor. That ticking clock severely limits the ability of doctors to get organs to patients.
如果你需要一個新的肝臟，醫生有大約12個小時從捐贈者那把肝臟運送過來。時間的嚴重影響到醫生為病人移植器官的能力。

Now researchers have demonstrated a method that kept rat livers viable up to four days.
現在研究人員演示了一種方法可以保存鮮活鼠肝4天。

The scientists lowered the livers to below freezing temperatures, while flooding the tissue with antifreeze chemicals to prevent the formation of damaging ice crystals.
科學家們降低了肝臟的凍結溫度，並把防凍劑噴灑在組織上，來避免有破壞性的冰晶的形成。

But such cooling alone is not sufficient, due in part to the liver’s wide variety of cell types and functions. So the researchers also used machine perfusion: as the livers were cooled they were flushed with solutions that kept them operational. They were perfused again as they were brought back to above-freezing temps.
但是考慮到肝臟的各種細胞類型和功能，只是這樣冷卻是不夠的。所以研究人員也使用機器灌注：隨著肝臟被冷卻後，他們同步進行保持所有細胞和功能運行的方案。當他們把肝臟放回高於冰凍溫度的環境中時，他們會再灌注一次。

All the rats that were implanted with 3-day-old livers survived for three months. Nearly 60 percent of the rats with four-day-old livers survived. In contrast, no rats that received 3- and 4-day-old livers preserved by currently used methods survived. [Tim A. Berendsen et al, Supercooling enables long-term transplantation survival following 4 days of liver preservation, in Nature Medicine]
所有那些被植入了已經存放三天的肝臟的老鼠，都活了3個月。接近60%被植入存放四天的肝臟的老鼠都活了下來。相反，那些被移植了用一般方法保藏3天或4天肝臟的老鼠，都沒有活下來。

This work is an early step toward creating a system that could work in humans, which would dramatically improve the chances of getting organs to people who desperately need them.
—Cynthia Graber
這項工作是對創建一個可以作用於人類的系統的一個初步嘗試，這個系統如果創建好可以極大的提高急需器官移植病人成功救治的機率。