字神帝國英語天地

上週日5/19的托福寫作重複
2015.04.12 & 2018.09.08 台灣托福真題
先來看看這篇綜合寫作機經

閱讀主要觀點提取

總論點：美國東部的高鐵發展是很成功，一些專家認為，在美國西部建立一個往返舊金山和洛杉磯的鐵路系統也是很有好處的。

分論點一：減少公路維修。修護公路的費用是很貴的。由於經費有限，所以加利福尼亞州很難保證公路一直保持很好的條件。因此，如果有高鐵的話，人們就可以放棄駕車而選擇乘坐高鐵，這樣一來就可以減少對公路的損壞。

分論點二：緩解交通堵塞。在一條往返舊金山和洛杉磯的一條主要干道上，交通堵塞已經處於可以創紀錄的程度了。另外，高鐵系統已經幫助了一些東部地區緩解了交通堵塞問題。高鐵甚至已經成為了人們最喜愛的交通方式。所以，高鐵在解決交通堵塞的問題上起到了至關重要的作用。

分論點三：高鐵是最環保的交通方式之一。高鐵是非常省燃料的。所以，相對於汽車和常規火車來說，使用高鐵每年可以減少大量的有害氣體排放。

聽力主要觀點提取

總論點：建立一個往返舊金山和洛杉磯的鐵路系統並不是一個好主意。

分論點一：建立一個高鐵系統比修護公路更昂貴。如果要建一個全新的鐵路系統，加利福尼亞州需要借1000億美元，這相當於加利福尼亞州全年稅收的75%。所以，這一大筆錢是很難獨立償還的，這會使加利福尼亞州出現財政危機。

分論點二：是否能緩解交通壓力取決於乘坐高鐵是否比駕車更方便。在美國東部城市，由於公共交通線路很普遍，人們很容易找到高鐵站。但是，西部城市的公共交通很稀少。所以，對於居住在西海岸的人們來說，駕車比乘坐高鐵更方便。

分論點三：有一些區域的軌道是不能允許高速行駛的高鐵通過的。所以，當高鐵通過這些區域時，它必須要降速行駛。在這種情況下，高鐵會排放出較多的有害氣體。

經典滿分範文
The author suggests that California should build a high-speed rail system to connect the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles. However, the professor says that it doesn’t have many benefits for California.

First, the writer points out that maintaining roads is expensive. As a matter of fact, the speaker says that building a high-speed rail system is much more expensive than maintaining roads. To build a new system, California have to borrow $100 billion, which is equal to 75% of all the tax income the state collects in one year. As a result, this would put itself in a difficult financial situation.

Second, the reading states that building high-speed rail system helps relieve traffic congestion. Nevertheless, the speaker indicates that most of people living in the urban areas on the West Coast will keep driving. The reason is that unlike the ideal situation in the East Coast cities, cities on the East Coast lack extensive public transportation systems. So, people in the West Coast cities cannot reach the rail stations conveniently.

Third, the professor refuses the point in reading by claiming that high-speed trains are not as fuel efficient as the reading mentions. In fact, a new high-speed track would be built for some of the root but not for the whole root and trains must slow down when they travel on regular tracks. Thus, fuel emissions will not be reduced too much. (234 words)