字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Gut Microbes Help Keep Starved Flies Fecund / 不知吃什麼--那由微生物來決定吧

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2017/20170502sa_health.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Just like humans, fruit flies have to eat a balanced diet.
果蠅和人類一樣，也要飲食均衡。

"They need sugar to survive, they need amino acids to make eggs, to have stem cells proliferate. They need salt, they need vitamins."
他們需要糖類生存,氨基酸用於產卵,幹細胞用於增值.它們需要鹽分.需要維生素。

Carlos Ribeiro, a neuroscientist at the Champalimaud Center in Portugal. Yeast, he says, is a crucial component of the fly diet. "I always say, yeast is the steak of the fly."
Carlos Ribeiro是葡萄牙Champalimaud 中心的神經科學家。酵母，是蒼蠅飲食中重要的一部分。“我總是說，酵母就相當於蒼蠅的牛排。”

Take yeast away, and the flies crave it—gotta make those eggs. Ribeiro and his team found they could also elicit that yearning for yeast simply by removing a few key amino acids from the flies' diet—but only in those flies that had their gut microbiome wiped out.
將酵母拿走，蒼蠅渴望利用酵母來產卵。Ribeiro和研究團隊發現，只需要移除蒼蠅飲食中的幾種關鍵的氨基酸，就可以消除蒼蠅的這種渴望——但是以上只適用於體內的腸胃微生物消滅的蒼蠅。

Here’s the twist: when Ribeiro and his colleagues restored the standard fly gut microbiome, amino-acid-deprived flies did not seek out yeast to compensate. That might seem like the gut microbes are actually working against the flies' best interest—blocking their instincts to seek out missing nutrients.
但是令人糾結的事情出現了：當Ribeiro和同事們恢復了蒼蠅體內的腸道微生物，被去除氨基酸的蒼蠅並沒有來尋找酵母進行補償。可能是腸道微生物會作用於果蠅的最佳利益——阻止果蠅的本能去尋找丟失的營養。

But what actually happened, Ribeiro says, is that flies with the gut microbes maintained good egg production despite their nutritional deficiency. Suggesting that somehow, microbes help the flies adapt to nutrient-poor conditions.
但是到底發生了什麼，Ribeio表示，儘管營養缺失，果蠅和腸道微生物可以保持果蠅產卵良好。這在某種程度上表明。微生物幫助了果蠅適應了營養匱乏的環境。

"So somehow the microbes reprogram the metabolism of the fly to now cope better with an absence of amino acids in the diet. And that might also lead then to the fly not having to produce a strong craving for amino acids." The study is in the journal PLoS Biology.
所以，在某種程度上，微生物可以調節果蠅的新城代謝使其更好地應對氨基酸缺乏的飲食。這可能也導致果蠅不會產生對氨基酸那麼強烈的渴望。該項研究成果發表在《公共科學圖書館生物學》雜誌上。

Of course, flies are not humans. But still, Ribeiro says, "I think there is now more and more compelling evidence that the microbes in the gut, also of humans, affect behavior, mood and stress, and maybe even, people propose, some diseases. But how microbes do so and why they would do so is completely unclear."
當然，果蠅不是人類。但是Ribeiro表示，“我認為有更多的證據表明，腸道微生物，其中包括人類的腸道微生物，會影響行為、情緒、和壓力。甚至人們認為會影響一些疾病。”但是我們完全不清楚這些微生物的作用機理以及它們這麼做的原因。

Still: next time you're staring at a menu, undecided on what to order…you might try just going with your gut.
下一次，你盯著菜單不知道點什麼的時候，或許可有跟著腸道的感覺走~