今日主題：Is aggression useful? 咄咄逼人有用嗎？
派老師推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC 康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/188.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。
… and I'm Catherine. Hello.
大家好，我是凱瑟琳。
Hello, Catherine!I want to know, what sort of things make you feel angry?
你好，凱瑟琳。我想知道，什麼事會讓你生氣？
Many things make me feel angry, Neil.But one thing that makes me regularly angry is when people put the wrong rubbish in the wrong bins.
很多事都會讓我感到氣憤。有一件事讓我很生氣，就是人們把垃圾投進錯誤的垃圾箱裡。
Yes, that makes me angry too.
這也讓我很氣憤。
Does it?
真的嗎？
It's not very thoughtful, is it?
這種做法太不周到了，不是嗎？
Not really, no.
沒錯。
So, you may feel angry about people putting rubbish in the wrong bin but do you get aggressive? That's behaving in an angry way, looking like you want to argue or even fight with someone?
人們把垃圾投進錯誤的垃圾箱，你會感到氣憤，但你會表現得咄咄逼人嗎？那是一種生氣時的行為舉動，看上去要和一個人爭論或打架。
No. I don't really get aggressive about wheelie bins, to be honest.
老實說，我不會因為垃圾箱的問題就咄咄逼人。
Well I tend to control my anger too and keep calm but I have been known to react - especially if someone is damaging some of my property.
我也儘量控制我的憤怒，保持鎮靜，但如果有人侵犯我的財產，我會反應得很激烈。
Wow. Really?
真的嗎？
Yeah. I can't stand it. It comes out of the blue – it's completely unexpected. But I'm glad to say I feel quite calm today.
是的，我沒法忍受這一點。情緒來得很突然，就是說完全意想不到。但是今天我很平靜。
I'm glad to hear it, Neil. But today we are talking about aggressionand we'll look at what we can learn about human aggression by some examples from the animal kingdom.
很高興聽到這些。今天我們要談論的是攻擊性行為，通過動物世界的一些例子，瞭解人們的攻擊性舉動。
That's right.Now, are you ready to answer today's quiz question, Catherine?
好的。現在準備好回答今天的問題了嗎？
In a very calm and non-aggressive way, I would like you to give me the question.
我現在非常冷靜，不會咄咄逼人，你可以出題了。
When attacked, what does a baboon typically do to show aggression? Does it…a) beat its chestb) yawn and show its teethor c) laugh and roll on the ground
當狒狒遭到襲擊時，會表現出怎樣的進攻性動作？a) 捶胸b) 齜牙大叫c) 在地上大笑著打滾
Well… I'd love to think of an angry baboon laughing and rolling on the ground. But I'm going to go for b) yawn and show its teeth.
我倒是想狒狒生氣時在地上大笑打滾。但是我還是選b) 齜牙大叫。
OK. Well, we'll see if you right or wrong a bit later on.Now, Catherine, how do you usually act when you're angry or upset about something?
好的，我們之後再看你回答得是否正確。凱瑟琳，當你生氣或沮喪的時候，你會怎麼做呢？
I generally let people know how I feel to be honest.I don't go over the top and hit people, but also I don't sulk about things. And sulk means when you refuse to smile or speak because you want to let people know you are upset about something.
我會讓別人知道我是怎麼想的。我不會做過頭去打人，也不會生悶氣。生悶氣就是說不笑也不說話，就是想讓別人看出來你在生氣。
Sulking is quite childish, isn't it Catherine?
生悶氣太小孩子氣了，不是嗎？
It is. Are you a sulker, Neil?
確實。你會生悶氣嗎？
I don't sulk, I don't think. But as I said I don't often get angry. I'm a very well balanced and grounded person, Catherine.
我不會。我說過我不怎麼生氣。我脾氣很好，很好接觸。
Really, very good. I'm pleased to hear it, Neil. Anyway, well balanced means sensible and in control of your emotions.And grounded means mentally and emotionally stable. Is that what you're saying, Neil?
不錯，很高興聽到這。脾氣好是說通曉事理，能夠掌控自己的情緒。很好接觸意味著情緒穩定。你是想這麼表達吧？
Yes, that's me.But let's listen to Professor Simon Underdown talking about human behaviour.Can you spot a phrase that means 』the opposite side to an idea'?
沒錯，我就是這樣。我們來聽聽西蒙安德教授所說的人類行為。你能不能聽出一個詞組，表示一個觀點的相反面。
One of the things humans are incredibly good at doing is being psychologists. We're very good at reading situations that we find ourselves in.We're extremely good at picking up on signals. What we can then do is trigger the appropriate response.If it's an empathetic response we may well need to then be sympathetic, we maybe need to show our sort of fluffy side if you want. But on the flipside from an evolutionary point of view the reason we are so successful and we're still here is because we can, and when we need to, react aggressively to situations.
人類最擅長的就是成為心理學家，解讀我們身處的環境。我們善於捕捉一些信號。我們所需要做的就是觸發合適的反應。如果是感同身受的反應，我們需要表現出同情，需要展現出自己柔軟的一面。但是從進化論的另一面來說，我們之所以能成功存活，是因為我們能夠也需要與環境抗爭。
Did you spot the phrase? Flipside means the opposite side to an idea. And being aggressive is the flipside of being fluffy and sympathetic.
你聽出那個短語了嗎？另一面，指一個觀點的相反面。抗爭好鬥是柔軟同情的另一面。
Fluffy, by the way, is an adjective we often use to describe soft animal fur or feathers on young animals or soft toys for children. But here fluffy means behaviour that is soft and unthreatening so it's the opposite of aggressive.
順便說下，毛茸茸，一般我們用來形容動物幼時身上柔軟的毛或羽毛，或者是形容孩子們的毛絨玩具。這兒是指柔軟的行為，沒有威脅性的行為，是進攻性的反義詞。
And if you are empathetic you are able to share or understand another person's feelings.That sounds like me! I'm an excellent empathizer, aren't I, Catherine?
如果說一個人感同身受，就是說這個人可以理解和分擔他人的感受。這就是說我！我是一個很富有同情心的人，是吧？凱瑟琳。
Neil, you are absolutely totally full of … empathy.
尼爾，你絕對十分富有同情心。
Nice pause.
停頓的不錯。
Thank you.
謝謝誇獎。
Now, Simon also talks about humans being good at reading situations.What does that mean, Catherine?
西蒙還提到人類善於解讀周邊的環境。這是指什麼呢？
It means understanding what's going on.For example, if a male gorilla is screaming and breaking branches, other gorillas will probably see this as a show of aggression.
這是說認識到接下來會發生什麼。例如，一隻雄性猩猩尖叫著，撕扯樹枝，其他的猩猩就會將之視為進攻的象徵。
The male gorilla screams and breaks branches, signalling to the other gorillas that he's angry or upset. Signal here means a noise or a movement that gives someone information.
一隻雄性猩猩尖叫，撕扯樹枝，給其他猩猩傳遞的信號就是他很生氣很憤怒。這兒的信號指傳遞信息的聲響或行為。
And the male gorilla's signal triggers a response from the other gorillas. This means one thing causes another thing to happen.
這只雄性猩猩觸發了其他猩猩的反應。這是指一件事引發了另一件事。
And when a man suddenly punches another man in the face, what signal does that send?
當一個人一拳砸在另一個人臉上，這發出了什麼樣的信號呢？
Well, I think for me that would be a signal to leave!
我認為這是讓他離開。
Yes. Quickly.
沒錯，快點離開的信號。
Yes, indeed.And humans usually give signals just like the gorillas do, before they start a fight. So people might shout, or gesture with their arms. And a gesture is a movement made with arms or head to give someone else information.Now then, Neil. Let's have our quiz question answer please.
是的。人類在打架之前，也會像猩猩一樣發出某些信號。人們會大喊，做一些手勢。手勢指用胳膊或頭作出某些動作，傳遞某些信息。現在揭曉問題的答案吧。
OK, OK, stop waving your arms around. So I asked: When attacked, what does a baboon typically do to show aggression? Does it…a) beat its chest?b) yawn and show its teeth? or c) laugh and roll on the ground?
好了，別揮舞胳膊了。問題是當狒狒遭到襲擊時，會表現出怎樣的進攻性動作？a) 捶胸b) 齜牙大叫c) 在地上大笑著打滾。
And I said b).
我選的是b).
That's right. Well done! Now let's hear today's words once again.
回答正確，不錯！我們再來回憶一下今天的單詞。
They are:
今天聽到的單詞有：
out of the blue
完全出於意外
Aggressive
進攻性的
Sulk
生悶氣
well balanced
好脾氣的
Grounded
好接觸的
Flipside
另一面
Fluffy
柔軟的
empathetic
感同身受的
reading situations
解讀處境
Signal
信號
triggers a response
觸動某種反應
Gesture
手勢
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