今日主題：The Earth's core 地核
派老師推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
MP3音檔：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1005.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Rob...
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是羅伯。
… and I'm Alice. Hello.
大家好，我是愛麗絲。
Hi there, Alice! Now, have you read any books by Jules Verne?
你好，愛麗絲！你有讀過凡爾納的書嗎？
Yes, I have.Journey to the Centre of the Earth was my favourite book as a child! A German Professor and his two companions climb down a volcano in search of the Earth's centre – or core.They visit strange lands inhabited by dinosaurs and giant prehistoric humans, and sail across an underground ocean.
讀過。小時候我最喜歡的書就是《地心遊記》。一位德國教授和他的兩個夥伴順著火山口而下，想要一探地球的中心，地核。他們來到奇特的大陸，那裡生活著恐龍以及高大的史前人類，之後他們還穿過了地下海洋。
Hmm. Very exciting but it doesn't sound very realistic. How do they get out again?
非常刺激，但是聽起來不太實際。他們最後是怎麼出去的呢？
Well, they shoot to the surface from the mouth of Mount Etna during a volcanic eruption.
埃特納火山爆發時，他們被扔了出去。
Wow! That sounds very uncomfortable! Well, on today's show we're going to discuss what scientists really know about the Earth's core.
哇，這聽起來不太妙。今天的節目我們要談論科學家所瞭解的地心。
Yes. The Earth has a dense inner core surrounded by a fluid outer core. Dense, by the way, means heavy in relation to its size.But, Rob, I've got a question for you as usual: how big do you think the inner core is? Is it the size of …a) the Moon?b) Jupiter?or c) Mars?
好的。地核密度大，外部裹挾著一層液體外核。密度是指重量與體積之比。羅伯，今天也有一個問題要考考你，你認為內核有多大？相當於什麼的大小？a) 月球?b) 木星?還是 c) 火星?
Right! Well, I haven't a clue to be honest so I'm going to take a guess and say c) Mars.
老實說，我不知道，我猜一下，選c) 火星。
Well, we'll find out later on in the show if you're right. But before we get there, let's find out a bit more about what the Earth is made of.
好的，節目最後我們再看你回答得是否正確。這之前，我們來看看地球究竟是什麼成分組成的。
Well, the Earth has layers, a bit like an onion.
地球是分層的，有點像洋蔥。
I like your technical language, Rob!
我喜歡你的術語表達！
But I'm trying to keep things simple for you, Alice!It has a thin outer layer or crust where we live.And this includes our continents and the ocean floors.Then beneath that there's another layer called the mantle. And beneath that, is the Earth's core – over 6000km below the surface.
我喜歡你的術語表達！我們居住的地方是地球稍薄的外層，也叫地殼。這一層包含我們的大陸以及海洋。這之下還有一層叫做地幔。再之下是地核，據地球表面有6000公里。
Right. But what's the Earth made of, Rob?
那麼地球是由什麼組成的呢？
It's a good question.
問得好。
And it depends on which layer you're talking about! The crust and mantle are rock and contain a lot of silicate – which is the same stuff that glass is made of.But the outer and inner parts of the core mainly consist of iron.
這取決於你說的是哪一層。地殼和地幔由岩石組成，富含大量的硅酸鹽。玻璃也是由硅酸鹽構成的。但是地核的外層和內層都是由鐵構成的。
And the core is very hot. Am I right?
地核非常熱，是嗎？
You are indeed.The professor and his companions wouldn't have survived very long down there!The outer core is a swirling mass of molten – or liquid – metal and it's as hot as the surface of the Sun!
確實如此。教授和他的夥伴就不能在那長時間生存。外核區就像一塊熔化了的金屬，和太陽表面一樣熱！
Wow! That must be so hot! Right. Let's listen now to Simon Redfern talking about the inner core and what's happening in there.
那一定非常熱。我們來聽聽Simon Redfern談論內核，以及內部都會發生什麼。
And so over time, the planet has started to cool.And as it cools, eventually at the centre of the Earth, the highest pressure point, we pass over the crystallization temperature – the freezing temperature of iron– and iron starts to freeze at the centre of the Earth. And you get a crystal of iron right in the middle that starts to grow.
隨著時間的推移，整個星球開始變冷。隨著溫度的降低，最終地球中心，壓力最高點，我們先不考慮結晶溫度，即鐵凍結的溫度，鐵開始在地心凍結。鐵開始在地心凍結。之後地球中心的晶體鐵體積會慢慢變大。
I'm a bit worried that the Earth is freezing in the middle!
我好擔心地球會從中心慢慢凍結。
Don't worry, Alice!In this case, because of the incredibly high pressure in the core, the freezing point of iron is actually about 6000 degrees! And the iron has been cooling down and crystallizing for a billion years – and at a rate of just half a millimetre every year.
不用擔心。因為地核的壓力非常高，鐵的冰點事實上達到了6000多度。鐵冷卻結晶要花費十億年，每年以半毫米的速度增長。
Ah well, yes, that sounds like slow progress.
這聽上去是一個非常緩慢的過程。
Certainly. Now moving on, we should also talk about the fact that it's the liquid iron outer core that generates magnetic fields– and it's thanks to these magnetic fields that life on Earth is possible.Let's hear more about this.
當然了。我們繼續說，事實上外核的液體鐵是產生磁場的原因，多虧了磁場，地球上的生命才有存在的可能。我們進一步瞭解一下。
Well, the magnetic field is very important because it protects us against cosmic radiation so that's one really...
磁場非常重要，因為它保護我們免受宇宙輻射。
How does it do that?
是怎麼做到的呢？
It just creates a shield, which will just deflect the cosmic rays from the Sun to actually reach us at the surface.So it protects us.
它製造了一個保護盾，使來自太陽的宇宙射線發生偏移，以免其到達地球表面。因此保護了我們。
So it goes up there…
所以射線都在地球上層。
Yeah, so you would see that the radiation kind of goes round the Earth and not actually reach us.
所以你能看見射線圍著地球，但是其實接觸不到我們。
So there's a magnetic field round the Earth that protects us from the Sun's cosmic rays.I'd like a magnetic field round me.It could be my superpower – like in X Men!
地球的磁場保護我們免受太陽宇宙射線的傷害。我想有一個磁場圍著我。成為我的超能力，就像X戰警一樣！
Calm down, Magneto. Now the magnetosphere is the area around the Earth in which the Earth's magnetic field is felt. It protects us from the Sun's radiation and the flow of particles, which would otherwise strip away – or remove – the Earth's atmosphere.
冷靜，萬磁王。地球周圍的磁氣圈可以感受到地球磁場的存在。它保護我們免受太陽輻射以及粒子流的危害，粒子流會削弱地球大氣層。
Right, I see. And what does 』radiation' mean?
我明白了。那麼「輻射」是什麼呢？
Well, radiation means heat or energy or particles in the form of rays – in this case, the Sun's rays.
我明白了。那麼「輻射」是什麼呢？
OK. And 』deflect'?
那麼「偏斜」是什麼意思呢？
To deflect means to make something change direction.
就是改變某物的運動方向。
Right, I see. Thank you. Now, Rob, I asked you, do you remember, at the beginning of the show, how big is the Earth's inner core?Is it the size of … a) the Moon? b) Jupiter? or c) Mars?
我明白了，謝謝你。羅伯，還記得節目開頭問你的問題嗎？地球內核有多大？相當於什麼的體積呢？a) 月球?b) 木星?還是 c) 火星?
Yes, and I had a wild guess and I said c) Mars.
我大膽猜了一下，選c) 火星。
Yes. And I'm afraid that's wrong, Rob. The answer is a) the Moon. Would you like to shape up and tell us which words we learned on the show today?
很抱歉你答錯了。正確答案是a) 月球。你願意再回憶一下今天我們節目中提到的單詞嗎？
Of course. Good idea. We heard:
當然，我們今天聽到的單詞有：
core
核心
dense
密度
crust
地殼
mantle
地幔
silicate
硅酸鹽
molten
熔化的
magnetosphere
磁氣圈
strip away
削弱
radiation
輻射
deflect
偏移
Yes. Thank you, Rob. Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English. We hope you enjoyed our core vocabulary!Please join us again soon.
謝謝。今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。下次節目再會！
Bye.
再見！
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