字神帝國英語天地

 今日主題：Wildlife Can Bear with Hunters and Hikers / 研究發現狩獵和徒步旅行對野生動物的影響較小

  洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science

  康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

  建議方法：

1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

  MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~

http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160712sa_science.mp3

  只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

  中英文稿：

Public lands in the U.S. are managed with two goals in mind: protecting biodiversity and providing people with recreational opportunities, a chance to connect with nature. But sometimes those two goals are at odds—especially if recreation, activities like hiking or hunting, disrupts wild animals enough to alter their use of those landscapes.
在美國，公共土地管理有兩個目標：一是保護生物多樣性，二是為人們提供娛樂的機會，一個接近大自然的機會。但有時這兩個目標並不一致，尤其是像徒步活動或打獵這樣的娛樂、活動，如果對野生動物造成破壞，足以改變他們對這些景觀的使用。

Indeed, several years ago, a study done in California found that hikers had a negative impact on wildlife.
事實上，幾年前，在加利福尼亞的一項研究發現，徒步旅行者會對野生動物產生負面影響。

"That kind of sounded a bit of an alarm to us as wildlife biologists and as people who like to go hiking ourselves."
這似乎為我們敲響警鐘，作為野生動物生物學家和喜歡去徒步旅行的人們。

Wildlife biologist Roland Kays, of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and N.C. State University.
北卡羅來納自然科學博物館和北卡羅來納州州立大學的野生動物生物學家羅蘭•凱斯。

"We were pretty worried that if this problem was as bad as it seemed from that study, and was widespread, then there could be a real conflict between outdoor recreation and wildlife conservation."
他表示：“我們非常擔心，如果這個問題像研究發現的那樣嚴重、普遍，那麼有可能在戶外休閒和野生動物保護之間存在真正的衝突。”

To find out, Kays and his team enlisted the help of more than 350 volunteer citizen scientists, who deployed camera traps at nearly 2,000 sites within 32 protected areas in six different states. Roughly half of the areas allowed hunting and half did not. What they discovered was something of a relief.
為了找到答案，凱斯和他的團隊招募了350多名公民科學家志願者，在他們的幫助下，在六個不同州的32個保護區部署相機“陷阱”，將近2000處。大約一半的地區允許狩獵，另一半則不允許。他們的發現使人頓然解惑。

"We found relatively minor impacts of hunting and hiking on wildlife."
“我們發現狩獵和徒步旅行對野生動物的影響相對較小。“

It's not that human activities didn't impact wildlife at all of course. Heavily hunted species, like white-tailed deer, grey squirrels, and raccoons, were photographed somewhat less often in hunted areas. Coyotes showed up more often in hunted areas. While most species didn't avoid hiking trails, the predators actually preferred them.
這並不是說人類活動對野生動物沒有任何影響。大量被捕殺的物種，如白尾鹿、灰松鼠和浣熊，在狩獵地區極少被拍攝到。土狼在狩獵地區經常出現。然而大多數物種沒有選擇回避徒步旅行的小徑，但捕食者實際上更喜歡它們。

But they did find something that had a much bigger impact on wildlife: habitat quality. The best predictor of wildlife abundance was not human activity, but factors like forest connectivity, nearby housing density, and the amount of adjacent agriculture. The results were published in the Journal of Applied Ecology. [Roland Kays et al., Does hunting or hiking affect wildlife communities in protected areas?]
但他們確實發現對野生動物產生更大影響的因素：棲息地的品質。野生動物豐富的最佳預報器並不是人類活動，而是森林的連通性、附近房屋密度以及相鄰農業的數量。這一研究結果刊登在《應用生態學期刊》上。

And they suggest that outdoor recreation, a 646-billion-dollar industry in the U.S., is currently managed in a sustainable way, but also that protecting the scattered patches of wild habitat that remain in the U.S. is vital—both for wildlife and for people.

並且他們建議，戶外休閒，作為美國一項價值6億4600萬的產業，目前應以可持續的方式進行管理。無論是對野生動物還是對人類而言，保護美國零散的野生棲息地是至關重要的。

"Recreation, including hunting and hiking, and wildlife conservation, can coexist in the same place at the same time, and we can go out there and enjoy nature, enjoy the woods, hope to catch a glimpse of wildlife, without worrying about hurting the populations in the process."
“娛樂，包括狩獵和徒步旅行，可以與野生動物保護在同一時間同一個地方共存。並且我們可以走出去，享受自然，走進森林，希望看到野生動物而不用擔心在這一過程中人群受到傷害。”