字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：From Wolf to Woof Twice / 從 狼 到“汪”是腫麼回事

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160612sa_science.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
In Jack London's The Call of the Wild, a pet dog named Buck winds up in the Yukon… where he succumbs to his desire to return to his wild cousins…the wolves. [Call of the Wild clip: "It's hard to say no to that call, isn't it Buck? It's all right boy. Go ahead."]
在傑克•倫敦的小說《野性的呼喚》中，一隻叫做巴克的寵物狗結束了自己的寵物生涯，被迫回到狼群中……(節選片段：很難拒絕那樣的呼喚，對吧，巴克！好了，走吧！)

Of course, Buck himself was the descendant of wolves. Wolves that lived more than 10,000 years ago. "At this time people would have been hunting and gathering." Laurent Frantz, a geneticist at the University of Oxford in the U.K. Humans roamed across Eurasia. They would eat, "and throw scraps around their settlement. Which attracts wildlife." Wildlife like wolves.
毋庸置疑，巴克本身是狼的後代。狼群的歷史已有1萬多年。“那時候人們是群居過著打獵的生活。” 洛朗•弗朗茨是英國牛津大學的遺傳學家。人類橫跨了歐亞大陸。人們吃飯，並並殘羹扔到部落的周圍，這就會招來野生動物，如狼群。

Over time a split would have appeared in wolf populations, he says: those wolves that feared humans, and those that didn't. "So this would have facilitated, I think, the domestication process." At which point humans deliberately took wolves as pets. But that domestication process, Frantz says, may have happened more than once: first in the west, in Europe. And again in the far east, in Asia.
隨著時間的推移，狼群中就會產生分歧。“懼怕人群的狼群和肆無忌憚的狼群。我認為這就促進了狼群的馴化過程。曾經人類故意將狼馴化為寵物。弗朗茨表示，這樣的馴化過程曾經發生過不只一次，首先是在西方，在歐洲;之後在遙遠的東方，亞洲。

Frantz and his colleagues analyzed the DNA from a 4,800-year-old Irish dog's ear bone, along with the genomes of hundreds of other modern and ancient dogs. After building a family tree, they determined that dogs could have been first domesticated in Europe, at least 15,000 years ago. But the data also point to another domestication in East Asia, more than 13,000 years ago. Sometime after that, they say, humans from East Asia wandered to Europe… and brought their dogs with them. Leading to a mixing of the two populations. The study appears in the journal Science.
弗朗茨和同事們分析了4800年前愛爾蘭狗耳骨，以及數千隻現代狗和古代狗的基因組。在創建家譜之後，他們認為至少是在15,000年前，狗首次在歐洲被 人類馴化。但是資料也顯示在13,000多年前，東亞也曾經存在馴化行為。之後，他們認為東亞人來到了歐洲，並帶來了馴化的狗。這導致兩個種群的混合。該 研究結果發表在《科學》雜誌上。

Frantz says most purebred dog breeds trace their origins to the 1800s. But as this study reminds us—if you go back far enough, all dogs are mutts.
弗朗茨表示，最純種狗的起源可以追溯到19世紀。但是該研究結果提醒我們——如果你追溯到足夠遠，就會發現所有的狗都是雜交。