字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Drowsy Driving Kills 6,400 Americans Annually / 疲勞駕駛每年導致6400名美國人死亡

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160629sa_health.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
“It's particularly concerning that 56 million Americans a month admit that they drive when they haven't gotten enough sleep and they are exhausted.”Charles Czeisler. He’s the director of the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
需要特別指出的是，每月有5600萬美國人承認他們在開車時沒有得到足夠的睡眠並且疲憊不堪。”Charles Czeisler說道。他是哈佛醫學院睡眠醫學部門的主任。

“Eight million of them lose the struggle to stay awake and actually admit to falling asleep at the wheel every month—causing more than a million crashes every year, 50,000 debilitating injuries…and 6,400 deaths.”
他們中的八百萬人在開車時都不能夠保持清醒，實際上他們承認每個月他們都在駕車時打瞌睡——造成每年發生超過100萬次碰撞，導致50,000人虛弱受傷，6,400人死亡。

He spoke at a recent Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Forum called Asleep at the Wheel: Drowsy Driving and Public Health.
他在哈佛公共衛生學院的論壇上發言，命名為睡在方向盤上：疲勞駕駛和公共衛生。

“And we just finally got a consensus group, the first consensus panel of experts, to agree that if an individual has had less than two hours of sleep in the previous 24 hours that that's the equivalent of being negligent and should be added to the statutes. It's just like drunk driving.
並且最終我們達成共識，第一個共識專家小組同意如果在過去的二十四個小時中，一個人睡眠少於兩小時，這相當於過失，應該添加到條例中，就像酒駕。

“So there are three groups that are particularly vulnerable. Young people think that because they're young, they're fit—they can do anything—that they would be the most resilient in the face of sleep deprivation. But actually young people are the most vulnerable…there's actually a biological reason…so as we get older we lose cells in the sleep switch in the brain, in the hypothalamus, that help us make the transition from wakefulness to sleep…when we keep an 18-year-old awake all night and compare that to keeping a 70-year-old awake all night, the 18-year-old will have 10 times as many involuntary lapses of attention than the older person. So young people are more vulnerable, not less, to the effects of sleep deprivation.
有三組群體是特別脆弱的，年輕人認為他們年輕，他們很健康，可以做任何事情，在應對睡眠不足方面，他們最有“彈性”。但實際上年輕人是最脆弱的。這是有生 物依據的。當我們變老，我們大腦中下丘腦的睡眠切換細胞喪失，這些細胞可以幫助我們完成睡眠上的切換，從清醒狀態轉入睡眠狀態。當我們讓一位18歲的年輕 人徹夜不眠，與讓一位70歲的老人徹夜不眠相比，其不自主性的意識喪失是70歲老人的10倍。因此年輕人更加脆弱，失眠對年輕人的影響更加嚴重。

“The second group that is particularly vulnerable are night shift workers…and the third group that is particularly vulnerable are people with sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. One out of three men and one out of six women have sleep apnea. And yet, 85 percent are undiagnosed and untreated. And it more than doubles the risk of crashes.”
第二組特別脆弱的群體是夜班工人。第三組是睡眠障礙患者，尤其是睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症患者。有三分之一的男性和六分之一的女性患有睡眠呼吸暫停綜合症。然而，85%的人們沒有得到診斷和治療，並且這會導致發生碰撞危險的概率增加一倍以上。

The entire hour-long forum featuring Czeisler and other researchers discussing drowsy driving is archived on line. Just google “Harvard public health forum”.
整個長達一小時的論壇活動，以Czeisler和其他研究人員們在網上討論疲勞駕駛被存檔為焦點。只需要用google搜索“哈佛大學公共健康論壇”。