字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Fat Gets Gut Bacteria Working against the Waistline
高脂飲食可導致肥胖—原因在於它

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160625sa_health.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Think it’s your inability to resist cheesecake that’s making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, your bacteria may share some of the blame. Because a new study in mice shows that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature. [Rachel J. Perry et al., Acetate mediates a microbiome–brain–β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome]
設想一下，由於你無法抗拒乳酪蛋糕的誘惑致使你很難穿上你的緊身牛仔褲，那麼，你體內的細菌可能要承擔部分責任了。一項新的小鼠研究實驗表明腸道微生物對高脂飲食的反應會最終引發荷爾蒙的釋放，這會使哺乳動物感到饑餓，從而導致吃的更多。該項發現由《自然》雜誌所提供。

Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial make up contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?
先前的研究已經表明在糖尿病患者或肥胖群體的腸道中其細菌類型不同于健康人。但是這些細菌是否會導致患上這些疾病呢？還是只是一種副作用呢？

To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. The animals experienced a build-up of a chemical called acetate, particularly in the large intestine.
為了解開這個謎團，研究人員讓小鼠高脂飲食。這些動物經歷了一種化學物質的積累過程，稱為醋酸。尤其在大腸中。

That location points to gut bacteria, which can produce acetate, as a possible culprit. So the researchers wiped out the microbes using antibiotics or a simple saline wash. And acetate levels plummeted.
該位置指向腸道細菌，它能產生醋酸，是一個潛在的罪魁禍首。因此，研究人員使用抗生素或簡單的生理鹽水沖洗來消滅微生物並且使醋酸眼濃度下降。

Okay, so the gut bacteria in fat-fed mice make acetate. What does acetate do? Well, it gets the involuntary part of the nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, to put out the call to produce more insulin. Unfortunately, in this case, acetate also gets the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate production of a hunger hormone called ghrelin. And the more fats an animal consumes, the more acetate it makes—which means the more ghrelin it produces and, of course, the more it eats. And bacteria make the whole sequence happen.
因此，高脂飲食小鼠其腸道細菌可以產生醋酸。醋酸的作用是什麼呢？它可以抓住神經系統、副交感神經系統中的無意識部分向其發出信號，產生更多的胰島素。不 幸的是，在這種情況下，醋酸也會促使副交感神經系統刺激產生饑餓激素，稱之為胃饑餓素。並且脂肪消耗的越多，體內產生的醋酸就越多。這意味著如果它體內產 生更多的生長激素，理所當然，它吃的越多。並且細菌使得整個序列發生。

The researchers are now investigating whether the same biochemical events happen in humans. If they do, it’s possible that obtaining a better assortments of gut bacteria could help us control our weight. Of course, the best way to get those good bacteria is from a fecal transplant—in which bacteria-rich feces come out of one person and into you. The very thought of which could help curb your appetite.
研究人員正在研究是否相同的生化反應會在人類身上發生。假如人類也會這樣，那麼對腸道細菌更好的分類可以幫助我們控制體重。當然，攝取這些有益細菌的最佳方式是通過糞便移植——出自某一人的裝載大量細菌的排泄物將進入到你的體內，想到這兒，可能有助於抑制你的食欲。