字神帝國英語天地

 
👑 今日主題：This Primate's Calls Obey a Linguistic Law  狒狒的叫聲也遵循語言規則

🎁 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
🎁 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

🎁 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160505sa_mind.mp3

🎁 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

🎁 中英文稿：
Communication on Twitter is artificially constrained: 140 characters per tweet, max. So it turns out the more words in a tweet, the shorter each word tends to be—at least according to one analysis. Sorta makes sense on Twitter: there's a limited amount of space to play with. But the weird thing is, that pattern—longer phrase, shorter words—also holds true in our everyday language too. It's called Menzerath's law.
在推特上交流是受到人工限制的：每一條推文最多為140個字元。根據一項分析表明每條推文所包含的字數越多，則每一個單詞則越短。這似乎對推文來說是合情 合理的：因為推文上只有有限的空間來供用戶娛樂。但是奇怪的是，這種模式——較長的措辭，較短的單詞，在我們的日常語言中也適用。這稱為 Menzerath定律。

"And it's this idea of essentially compression in information." Morgan Gustison, a psychologist at the University of Michigan. "So Menzerath's Law, the way you define it is, the larger the whole, the smaller the parts."
“這個定律本質上是資訊壓縮。”摩根•葛斯森，是密西根大學的心理學家。所以，Menzerath定律，如同其定義的一樣，一個語言單位的子結構越多，則其子結構的長度越短。

Gustison and her colleagues tested out that rule of human language on the calls of geladas—relatives of baboons. They analyzed more than a thousand of those call sequences—which are strung together from six distinct call types. And they found that, just as the law would predict in human communication, the longer the gelada sequence, the shorter the constituent calls. And the shorter the string? The longer the calls. The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
葛斯森和同事們利用狒狒的尖叫聲檢測了人類語言的規則。它們分析了很多尖叫聲序列，這些尖叫聲由六種不同的聲音類型連成一串。他們發現，就如同 Menzerath定律對人類交流資訊的預測一樣，狒狒尖叫的聲音序列時間越長，則其組成部分越短。字串越短?尖叫聲越長。該研究結果發表在《美國國家科 學院院刊》雜誌上。

Gustison says the meaning of the calls is still a bit of a mystery. But the fact that they obey the rule could suggest something important is going on. "The interesting thing about it is it suggests there are universal principles that can underpin complex vocal systems. And so the more you say, you find a more efficient way of saying it. So that's what we think is going on with the geladas, is that they have so much to say, so they’re finding these strategies to make what they’re saying more efficient." Might not be a bad thing to consider…the next time you have a lot of say.
葛斯特表示尖叫聲的意義仍是一個謎。他們遵守規則表明正在研究一些重要的事情。“有趣的是在複雜的聲音系統背後，存在一些普遍的規則。如，你說的話越多， 就會發現更加有效的方式進行表達。我們認為狒狒也是這樣，它們有很多要進行交流，所以，葛斯特發現這些策略會讓它們的話語更有效。下次當你在有話要說時， 想想這些也不壞哦~