字神帝國英語天地

 今日主題：Iceman Ötzi Died with a Bellyache  冰人奧茨死於腹痛

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160124sa_health.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
Otzi—or as he's also known, the Iceman—was discovered frozen in the Alps in 1991 by two German tourists. The 5,300-year-old body has been analyzed in various ways and been the subject of numerous scientific publications. And now it's been looked at again. Because scientists realized that the contents of the Iceman's stomach were still intact. Which gave them the chance to look for evidence of the common stomach bacteria Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori. What they found tells us more about Otzi—and more about how Otzi's ancestors came to Europe. The study is in the journal Science.
奧茨——也被稱為冰人，是1991年，由兩名德國遊客在阿爾卑斯上發現。這具約有5300年曆史的屍體已經由多種方法分析研究，並成為眾多科學出版物的出版對象。現在它又引起了人們的關注。因為科學家發現奧茨的胃部仍完好無損。這就給予了科學家尋找研究常見的幽門螺旋桿菌的機會。科學家的發現向我們揭示了 更多關於奧茨的資訊——以及更多關於奧茨的祖先是如何來到歐洲的。該研究結果發表在《科學》雜誌上。

The researchers were able to extract genes from H. pylori in the stomach to produce the oldest known genome sequence of a pathogen. The Iceman seems to have been infected with a virulent strain. So in his last days on Earth, Otzi probably had one bad bellyache.
研究人員能從幽門螺旋桿菌中提取基因用以產生最古老的病原體基因序列，似乎冰人感染了一種致命的菌株。所以，在奧茨在世的最後一天，可能腹痛導致他斃命。

“The strain had already reacted with the Iceman's immune system. This we could show. So we showed the presence of marker proteins which we see today in patients infected with Helicobacter.” The University of Vienna's Frank Maixner.
這種毒株可能已經與冰人的免疫系統反應。我們可以證明此點。所以我們發現，感染了幽門螺旋桿菌的病人其有標誌性蛋白質存在。來自維也納大學的弗蘭克•麥克斯說到。

It's estimated that more than half the world's human population harbors various strains of the ulcer-causing bacteria. And different strains are associated with different places on the globe.
據估計，世界上有一半以上的人口患有由細菌引發的腹痛，但是地球上不同地方腹痛不同。

“We use then Helicobacter as a surrogate for what humans were doing at various stages of our prehistory.” Yoshan Moodley from South Africa's University of Venda.
“我們利用幽門螺旋桿菌代替人類在實踐不同階段的活動。”Yoshan Moodley說到。他來自文達大學。

Europeans today mostly harbor H. pylori that's a mix of Indian and North African strains. But Otzi's bacteria matched only the Indian variant.
歐洲現在的幽門螺旋桿菌是印度和北非的混合體。但是與奧茨的菌種相匹配的僅僅是印度菌種的變體。

“This one genome has put things into wonderful perspective for us, answered this question that we've been trying to answer for years. We can say now that the waves of migration that brought these African Helicobacter pylori into Europe had not occurred or at least not occurred in earnest by the time the Ice Man was around.”
這組基因已經為我們帶來了美好的前景，並解決了我們數年來懸而未決的問題。現在我們可以這樣說，移民浪潮並沒有將非洲幽門螺旋桿菌帶至歐洲，或者說至少在冰人生活的年代，沒有發生。

That finding does not mean that North Africans themselves migrated into Europe after the time of the Iceman. The new strain may have evolved in the Middle East and then been introduced by later waves of farmers migrating out of the Fertile Crescent. More clues into human migration from H. pylori genes may be forthcoming. Just as soon as we find more perfectly preserved stomachs in long-frozen bodies.
此項研究結果並不能表明在冰人時代結束之後，北非人自己遷移到了歐洲。新的菌株可能在中東然後被從肥沃月灣遷移出的農民引入。從幽門螺旋桿菌中得知更多關於人類遷徙的線索馬上就會得知。只要我們找到更多完整無損的長期冰凍的屍體。