今日主題：Food banks 食物銀行
派老師推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
MP3音檔：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/191.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello I'm Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English.With me today is Finn. Hello, Finn.
大家好，我是羅伯。歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。今天節目的嘉賓是芬恩。你好，芬恩。
Hi Rob!
你好，羅伯。
In this programme we're going to be talking about food banks in the UK.
今天節目我們要探討英國的食物銀行。
Yes, food banks. But what exactly are they?
食物銀行。這到底是什麼呢？
Well, you can find them all over the country nowadays. They're part of a system where people who are struggling financially are given free food to cook or eat which other people have donated – or given for free.
如今食物銀行遍佈英國。囊中羞澀，食不果腹的人們可以在食物銀行領取別人捐贈（即免費給與）的免費食物。
We mean that people in modern-day Britain are so hard-up– that means they've got so little money – that they can't afford to buy their own food?It does seem extraordinary, doesn't it?
現在英國的人們手頭很緊，也就是說他們只有很少的錢，連買食物都不夠。這真的很不可思議，不是嗎？
Yeah, it does. Well, today's question is about the people who use the food banks. So Finn, do you know how many British people are estimated to have used them?Is it…a) 15,000?b) 240,000?or c) 500,000?
確實。今天的問題就是關於那些借助於食物銀行生存的人們。芬恩，你知道全英國有多少人使用食物銀行嗎？a) 15,000人?b) 240,000人? 還是c) 500,000人?
I'll say 240,000, Rob.
我認為是240,000人。
Well, we'll see if you're right at the end of the programme.Let's talk now about why food banks have opened up in the UK.
好的，節目的最後我們再看你回答得是否正確。現在我們談談為什麼英國會開設食物銀行。
Yes, well, I suppose one place to start is the financial crisis of 2008 which made a lot of people redundant– that means they were asked to leave their jobs by their companies – so they became unemployed.
我認為最初是因為2008的金融危機，很多人被裁員，也就是說被公司解僱，沒有了工作。
Then there were the cuts to the welfare system in 2013 which added to the problem.
之後2013年福利系統削弱，使情況惡化。
Rising food prices themselves are another reason. And heating bills in the winter can be expensive. People fall into debt.You know, lots of things.
還有一個原因是食品價格上漲，外加冬天的取暖費用昂貴，人們負債纍纍。太多的因素促成了食物銀行的出現。
And remember that it's not just unemployment, Finn, but underemployment, too. There are some people on what is called zero-hours contracts and doing part-time workand they don't earn enough money to buy some of the essential things in life.
不僅僅有失業問題，還有不充分就業問題。有一些人做著臨時工或兼職的工作，賺的錢不夠買生活必需品。
So there really are a lot of different factors, aren't there.
所以確實有很多因素促成食物銀行的出現。
Well, let's listen to Steph Hagen as she explains how her food bank in Nottingham works. She uses an expression that means 』unlimited access'.
讓我們聽聽Steph Hagen 講她所在諾丁漢食物銀行如何作用。她使用了一個表達來描述「無限制進入」。
People do not go to a food bank because it's an open door, it's an open shop. It's a case of they go to it because they need to.And also with our food bank – we are an independent one, and we have limited stocks – so everybody who comes through our door has no income whatsoever.
人們不去食物銀行因為這裡可以自由出去，是一個自由開放的商店。人們來這裡只有一個原因，就是他們需要。我們的食物銀行是相對獨立的，我們的庫存有限，所以來我們這裡的人都沒有什麼收入。
She said "open door". This means unlimited access.
她說的自由出入，意味著無限制進入。
And she said she had "limited stocks". This means 』a shortage of goods' – there's not enough food for everybody.
她說她們的庫存有限。這是指「缺少食品」，食品不夠分發給每個人。
But Rob, surely this food bank system is open to abuse as well? What's to stop anyone just turning up and asking for food?
但是羅伯，這種食物銀行系統不會被濫用嗎？怎麼阻止某些人天天去食物銀行領取食物？
Well, there are checks in place and there's a system of referrals.If a doctor or a social worker thinks someone needs to use a food bank – even for a short time – they can give them vouchers. Then they take the vouchers along to the food bank and they get handouts for three days.
有登記處，還有推薦系統。如果醫生或者社會工作者認為某人需要食物銀行，即便是短時間內需要，他們會給他食品券。憑藉食品券去食物銀行，可以領取三天的食物。
Right. So, I see. I've heard that everything in food banks is donated – that means it's given for free. And churches and individual donors are the people who provide most of it.
我明白了。我聽說食物銀行的所有食品都是捐贈的，也就是別人免費給予的。教堂和個人捐贈者提供了大部分的食物。
Well, apparently, these food banks are a great meeting place for people who are lonely and depressed.The food bank volunteers then talk to the people who use them.
顯而易見，這些食物銀行聚集了孤獨和沮喪的人們。食物銀行的志願者會與這些使用食物銀行的人交談。
Some of these food banks also run courses about how to cook well on a low budget. So it's really not just handouts that these people get. It's information as well.
一些食物銀行還開設課程，教授人們如何以低預算做出美味的食物。 所以人們不僅僅能從食物銀行獲得食物，也可以獲取重要的信息。
But because these people are poor they often can't afford to use gas or electricity for cooking.So the food banks make sure they also provide food which can be eaten cold.
因為來食物銀行的人們都很窮，沒有錢支付天然氣或電力來做飯。所以食物銀行還得保證他們提供的食物涼著也可以食用。
That's right. And I think it would be wrong to assume that the users are just scroungers – now that means people who want something for nothing – because there's a loss of dignity and even shame attached to using these services and people would of course prefer not to have to do it. So, what food do they give out, Rob?
沒錯。我認為假設使用食物銀行的人是福利敲詐者是不對的，即說他們都是不勞而獲的人是不合理的。如果使用食物銀行就意味著尊嚴的喪失，代表一種恥辱的話，之後沒有人會去食物銀行。食物銀行會分發什麼食物呢？
Well, let's listen to Steph again and see what she says.She uses an expression to describe canned food that only needs to be heated.
讓我們再聽聽Steph所說的。她使用了一個表達，描述只需加熱就可食用的罐裝食品。
Basically, we've got porridge.We do occasionally get fresh produce but it's very rare, especially in the winter months. It's a case of, it's like, tinned fruit, tinned ready meals.What also goes into the mix, people don't realise we have to give out 』no-cooking' food parcels because people can't afford the gas and electric...
基本上，我們會分發粥。我們偶爾會有新鮮農產品，但是很少，尤其是在冬天。通常會有罐頭水果，罐頭快餐。與此同時需要考慮的是，人們不會意識到我們分發無需烹飪的食品是因為他們付不起天然氣和電力。
She said "tinned ready meals".This is canned food that only needs to be heated.
她說的是「罐頭快餐」。一種只需加熱就可食用的罐裝食品。
And she said "goes into the mix". This means it's 』part of the overall package'. She also made the point about the importance of giving out 』no-cooking' food parcelsbecause some people don't have the electricity or the gas to cook the food.OK, Finn. So, would you like the answer to the quiz question now?
她提到需要考慮的事情。這是指整體計畫的一部分。她提到分發無需烹飪的食品的重要性，因為一些人付不起電費和天然氣。好了，芬恩，想知道之前問題的答案嗎？
Yes, please, yes. You asked me how many British people are estimated to have used food banks. Was it: 15,000, 240,000 or 500,000?And I guessed 240,000.
當然了。你問我全英國有多少人使用食物銀行。是15,000, 240,000還是500,000人？我猜的是240,000人。
Well, sorry, Finn. I'm afraid the answer is actually 500,000. And some experts say that there are 13 million people living below the poverty line in the UK right now.
不好意思，你答錯了，正確答案是500,000。一些專家表示如今英國有一千三百萬人口的生活水平低於貧困線。
It really does show how food banks – even in a country like ours – are really needed. It does make you think, doesn't it?
這就是為什麼像我們這樣的國家需要食物銀行的存在。這值得思考，不是嗎？
It does. Well, we're almost out of time now. So, let's remind ourselves of some of the words we've said today, Finn.
確實。節目的時間快到了。我們再回憶一下今天聽到的單詞。
OK.
好的
make people redundant
裁員
zero-hours contracts
臨時工
open door
自由出入
referrals
引薦
handouts
分發的食物
limited stocks
有限庫存
scroungers
福利敲詐者
dignity
尊嚴
ready meals
速食餐
goes into the mix
考慮其他事情
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