今日主題：Diabetes / 糖尿病
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
#BBC 六分鐘英語
MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1049.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是愛麗絲。
… And I’m Neil. Can you pass me my drink, Alice?
我是尼爾。愛麗絲，你能幫我遞一下飲料嗎？
Cola, Neil? That’s very unhealthy.
可樂？這太不健康了。
You told me to stop drinking coffee because it’s unhealthy – now you’re telling me cola is bad too.
你之前不讓我喝咖啡，說不健康，現在你又告訴我可樂也不好。
Cola is full of sugar. There are about six teaspoons in each can.
可樂中的糖分太多了。每罐相當於含有六勺糖。
At least. That’s pretty sugary, I admit!
還是最少。我承認可樂確實含很多糖分。
Well, we’re talking about diabetes today. Diabetes is a condition where the body can’t control the amount of glucose – or sugar – in the blood. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications, including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness.
今天我們要談論糖尿病。糖尿病是指身體無法控制血液中的葡萄糖或糖分。如果不進行治療，糖尿病會引起很多併發症，如心臟病、中風、腎衰竭及失明。
I’m not diabetic, though, Alice, so what’s the problem?
但我沒有糖尿病，所以有什麼問題？
Well, diabetes is on the rise – or increasing – all over the world. And particularly type 2 diabetes where risk factors include obesity – or being very overweight – unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise.
全世界患糖尿病的人數不斷上升。尤其是二型糖尿病，肥胖、不健康飲食及缺乏鍛煉都會增加患病風險。
I see. Well, while I think about that, maybe you could ask me today’s quiz question.
我懂了。我在想，也許到了今天的問題環節了。
OK. Can you tell me how many people in the world suffer from diabetes? Is it…a) 4.15 million? b) 41.5 million? Or c) 415 million?
好的。你能告訴我全世界有多少人患糖尿病嗎？a) 415萬? b) 4150萬? 還是 c) 4.15億?
I’ll take a guess and say b) 41.5 million.
我猜是b) 4150萬。
Well, we’ll find out if you got the right answer later on, Neil.Now, why do you think people are eating less healthily than they used to?
好的，之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。你覺得為什麼相比過去人們如今的飲食更不健康嗎？
Well, processed food has become very popular, and whilst it often tastes really good, it isn’t always a healthy choice.
如今加工食品非常受歡迎，雖然嘗起來很好吃，但不健康。
Do you eat a lot of processed food, Neil?
你吃很多加工食品嗎？
Of course not, Alice! Processed food, by the way, is food that’s been changed from its natural state, for example, by freezing or re-hydrating it, or by adding ingredients to it such as sugar, salt or fat. But let’s move on now and talk about exercise.
當然不會。加工食品是指改變食物的自然狀態，如經過冷凍或重新注水，添加糖、鹽、脂肪等調料。我們繼續說別的，談談鍛煉。
OK – but I hope you aren’t planning to have fried chicken again for lunch today from that dodgy fast-food joint round the corner. Now, one reason that people are taking less exercise than they used to is because of lifestyle changes. With increasing urbanisation people are no longer doing jobs that involve as much physical activity.
好的，但我希望你別再像今天一樣去附件速食店吃炸雞了。如今人們鍛煉得少了，主要是生活方式發生了改變。隨著城市化的不斷推進，人們不再從事涉及大量體力勞動的工作。
Yes, it’s true. And urbanisation means the growth of towns and cities as people move there from the countryside to live and work. We’re all sitting in cars, and offices, or on our sofas in front of the TV.
沒錯。城市化是指城鎮的發展，人們從鄉村來到城鎮生活工作。我們坐車，坐辦公室，坐在電視前的沙發裡。
But it’s also true that children are less active than they used to be.I remember running around all the time outdoors when I was a kid. Nowadays, they’re all in front of screens, playing computer games or watching videos on YouTube.
而且孩子們也沒有過去那麼好動了。我記得我小時候整天都在外面跑。如今孩子們坐在各種螢幕前，玩電腦遊戲或在YouTube上看視頻。
So, adults and children are at higher risk of developing diabetes if they are overweight because they are likely to have higher levels of sugar in their blood. Let’s hear more about this from Dr Etienne Krug from the World Health Organization.
所以如過超重，成年人和孩子有很大的可能得糖尿病。因為他們血液中有太多糖分了。我們聽聽世衛組織Etienne Krug博士的發言
Diabetes is a kind of continuum. Gradually the levels of sugar in the blood increase until reaching the level of being diagnosed with diabetes. But people, before reaching diabetes, have too high level of sugar as well, sometimes, and that can be dangerous too – particularly causing cardiovascular diseases, which contributes to mortality too.
糖尿病是指持續性的疾病。血液中的糖分不斷增加，以至於達到診斷為糖尿病的程度。在被查出糖尿病前，人們體內的糖分已經很高了，這也非常危險，會引發心腦血管疾病，也會造成死亡。
What’s a continuum, Alice?
continuum是什麼意思？
It’s something that changes slowly over time. So in this case, as people increasingly eat food that’s high in sugar and fat, the amount of sugar in their blood increases.
是指隨著時間緩慢變化。所以人們不斷地吃高糖分高脂肪的食物，他們血液中的糖分會增加。
And having a high blood-sugar level may reach a tipping point – or a point when small changes become significant enough to cause a big change – and you develop diabetes. But even if you don’t develop diabetes, high blood sugar can be damaging to your health.
糖分會到達一個臨界點，小的變化會引起大的改變，就會發展為糖尿病。即便沒有發展為糖尿病，血液中的高糖分對健康非常有害。
It isn’t only damaging to the individual, though. Diabetes has a huge cost to society– $827bn is currently being spent every year to treat the disease.
不但對個人有害。糖尿病會給社會帶來很大的代價。每年有8270億美元花費在治療糖尿病上。
That’s big bucks! What can we do – what can governments do – to tackle this health crisis, Alice?
好多錢啊！要解決這個健康危機，我們能做什麼，政府能做什麼？
Well, a key approach is to tackle the global rise in obesity because this addresses not only diabetes but other diseases, too, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Let’s hear more from Dr Krug about ways to do this.
要解決這個問題，關鍵在於解決全球肥胖問題，因為這不僅在於解決糖尿病問題，還關乎癌症、心腦血管結冰的解決。我們再聽聽Krug博士的看法。
We need a combination of approaches to promote physical activity and to improve the ways we eat and that goes from breast feeding or even working with young kids to increase healthy eating. But the sugar tax is a good example that has contributed in Mexico to a decrease in sales of sugary drinks. And sugary drinks – just one drink can sometimes represent more sugar than a person needs for the whole day.
我們需要結合很多方法，增加鍛煉，改善飲食從母乳階段甚至孩童時期就要注意健康飲食。給糖徵稅是一個例子，墨西哥因此降低了糖類飲品的銷量。糖類飲品是指飲料中含有的糖分高於人類每天需要的量。
Government schemes to encourage healthy eating sound like a good plan, but trying to get kids to eat vegetables might be tough!
政府鼓勵健康飲食這聽起來很好，但讓孩子吃蔬菜很難！
Or stop you from drinking sugary drinks, Neil, for that matter.
讓你不和糖類飲品也很難！
Leave me alone!
別管我！
Alright, then. But the government tax on sugary drinks has worked in Mexico– and the UK government is also planning to do this. OK – now remember I asked you, Neil: How many people in the world suffer from diabetes? Is it… a) 4.15 million? b) 41.5 million? Or c) 415 million?
好吧。墨西哥政府已經採取措施，給糖類飲品徵稅，英國政府也計畫這麼做。好吧，你還記得我問你的問題嗎？全世界有多少人患有糖尿病？ a) 415萬? b) 4150萬? Or c) 4.15億?
And I said 41.5 million.
我選的是b) 4150萬。
Sorry, that’s the wrong answer, Neil.
很抱歉，你答錯了。
Of course it’s the wrong answer!
當然不是這個答案了。
Yes, I’m afraid so. According to the Diabetes International Federation, based in Belgium, as of 2015, an estimated 415 million people have diabetes worldwide. This represents 8.3% of the adult population, with equal rates in both women and men.
沒錯。根據比利時糖尿病國際聯合會的資料，2015年全世界有4.15億人患糖尿病。這表示不論男女有8.3%的成年人患有糖尿病。
OK, I’ll be drinking herbal tea from now on. Let’s listen to the words we learned today.They were:
好吧，從今天起我開始喝茶。我們來聽聽今天學到的單詞。分別是：
diabetes 糖尿病
glucose 葡萄糖
on the rise 增加
obesity 肥胖
processed food 加工食品
urbanization 城市化
continuum 持續
tipping point 轉捩點
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期再會！
Bye.
再見！
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