今日主題：Why do cities make us rude? 為什麼城市讓我們變得無禮？
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
#BBC 六分鐘英語 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1079.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Catherine…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是凱薩琳。
And I’m Neil. Do you know, Catherine, someone actually talked to me on the underground this morning!
我是尼爾。你知道嗎凱薩琳，今早有人在地鐵上跟我聊天了！
No, really?
不會吧，真的嗎？
Yeah.
真的。
Wow! I should perhaps point out that talking to someone you don’t know on the Tube is quite unusual behaviour in London! So, Neil, what did they say?
天啊！我也許應該指出，在倫敦地鐵上跟別人交談是一件相當不尋常的舉動！所以，他們跟你說了什麼？
Well, they said what a lovely day it was, great to see the sun shining in London – something along those lines. But it was actually nice to chat instead of sitting there with a frown on my face, fiddling with my phone.
他們說今天天氣不錯，看到倫敦陽光明媚心情不錯，就類似這些話。相比坐在那，愁容滿面，不停擺弄手機，這種聊天其實很不錯。
Which is what you probably always do to pass the time on public transport, Neil.
這就是你在公共交通上度過時間的方式吧，尼爾。
Yes, it is - me and thousands of others. But it got me thinking… if it makes me feel better to talk to people on the way to work, why don’t I – and other commuters in the city – do it more often?
是的，我是，還有成千上萬人也是這樣。但這讓我不禁思考，在上班路上跟他人交談是不是讓我感覺更好，為什麼我，或者這個城市的其他通勤者不經常這麼做呢？
Well, that’s a good question, Neil, and maybe we’ll find some answers in the show, because today we’re talking about why cities make us so rude. And I have a question for you: when we have a positive interaction with somebody, our body releases a chemical. But what’s the name of this chemical? Is it…a) melatonin? b) oxytocin? Or c) thyroxin?
這是個好問題，也許今天的節目我們可以找到一些答案，因為今天我們談論的是，為什麼城市讓我們變得無禮。我有一個問題要問你：當我們跟某人進行積極互動時，我們的身體會釋放一種化學物質。這種化學物質叫什麼？a) 褪黑素？b) 催產素？還是c) 甲狀腺素？
I don’t know, but I’m going to say a) melatonin.
我不知道，但我想選a) 褪黑素。
Well, we’ll see if you were right or not later on in the show.But did you know, Neil, that an organisation called Talk to me London has created these Tubechat badges that you can wear to show that you’re happy to talk to a stranger. Maybe you should get one!
好的，之後我們看你回答得是否正確。但你知道嗎，一個名叫倫敦跟我聊天的組織發明了一些地鐵聊天徽章，佩戴上徽章就表示你樂意跟陌生人聊天。也許你可以拿一個。
Yeah, maybe I should.But the thing is, people in big cities are often scared to start a conversation with a stranger because, well, you don’t know what might happen.
也許我應該拿一個。但問題是，大城市的人們經常害怕和陌生人開始一段對話，因為你不知道會發生什麼。
That’s true. Now, let’s listen to Dr Elle Boag, a social psychologist at Birmingham City University here in the UK. She agrees that people can view cities as threatening places.
沒錯。我們聽聽伯明罕城市大學的社會心理學家Elle Boag的看法。她同意人們將城市視為有威脅性的地方。
When we step off the metro or onto a crowded city street our brain becomes hyper vigilant to the perception of threats around us – we’re just one small person in a very large set of other people, in a large body of people. This then leads to behaviours that are insular and defensive. We’re persistently looking for potential threats around us,and this then makes us not give eye contact, this will reduce the likelihood that anybody will say hello. It’s a protective mechanism by which we can survive our journey to whence we’re going, which makes us all sound really really rude to one other.
當我們走下地鐵，或走入擁擠的城市街道，我們的大腦變得異常警惕，感知我們身邊的威脅，我們只是小小的一個人，置身於一大群人之中。這導致我們的行為變得孤立，富有防禦性。我們不斷在尋找周圍潛在的威脅，這使得我們很少給予外界眼神交流，也就減少了跟他們打招呼的可能性。這是一種保護機制，通過這種機制無論我們去往何處，我們都能在路上存活下來，這也使得我們聽起來似乎對他們非常無禮。
Dr Elle Boag there. And hyper vigilance means being extremely watchful of what’s going on around you. People can behave unpredictably, and like Dr Boag says, you’re just one person in a crowd of others and you just don’t know who might be dangerous.
上述是Elle Boag博士的看法。異常警惕是指我們對周圍發生的事極度留意。人們的行為不可預見，就像 Elle Boag博士說的，你只是人群中的一員，你不知道誰是危險的。
Yeah, I see what you mean. And the fact we are constantly on the lookout for potential threats, well, it affects our behaviour.
恩，我明白你的意思。事實上我們經常密切關注著周圍的潛在威脅，這也影響了我們的行為。
That’s right. And as a protective mechanism we avoid speaking to or making eye contact with other people. So we become insular – which means inward looking.
沒錯。作為一種保護機制，我們避免和他們聊天，避免和他人進行眼神交流。所以我們變得孤立，看起來不容易親近。
It sounds awful! But actually, I know people who moved to London in order to be anonymous – to blend in with the crowd– and not have to talk to people!
這聽上去很糟糕！但我知道一些來到倫敦的人，想要無聲無名地生活，融入人群中，無須跟他人交談。
Well, if you grow up in a small town, it can feel claustrophobic – which means not having enough space to feel comfortable. You know, you can’t do anything without the whole community knowing about it. You may have nosey neighbours.
如果你是在小城鎮長大，會感覺有點幽閉恐懼症，也就是沒有足夠舒適的空間。你知道的，你做的事整個社區沒有不知道的。你的鄰居也許多管閒事。
And a nosey person shows too much interest in other people’s business.
多管閒事的人是指對別人的事太過感興趣。
Now, it’s good to point out that people living in cities have stuff to do. And it’s not necessarily rudeness that stops people from chatting– it’s about efficiency – getting to work on time, getting things done. Let’s hear from Thomas Farley, writer and broadcaster, and expert on manners, for more on this.
所以居住在城市的人有事情可做，這一點很好。而且打斷別人聊天未必就是粗魯的事。這事關效率，要按時工作，將事情做完。我們聽聽作家、廣播員加禮儀專家Thomas Farley的觀點。
The cost of living in cities is higher, the success quotient is higher, it’s a place where you hustle to survive, and if you are not hustling, and I mean that literally and figuratively, you are not able to survive and thrive. So we often don’t have much time for chitchat. I think we just all need to be mindful that it’s not a deliberate disregard or somebody trying to be rude on purpose – it’s simply that people have a destination to be.
生活在城市的成本更高，成功係數也更高在城市你要拼命生活，如果你不拼，字面或者比喻意上，你都無法生存，活得更好。所以我們經常沒有時間閒聊。我們都需要記住，這不是故意地漠視他人，或者有意無禮。只是簡單地人們有自己的目標要達成。
So what does Thomas Farley mean by success quotient, Catherine?
Thomas Farley說的成功係數是什麼意思？
Success quotient means your ability to be successful in work, relative to the average person, and Thomas Farley is saying that in cities people have higher success quotients.
成功係數是指你在工作上取得成功的能力，就一般人來說，Thomas Farley說在城市，人們有更高的成功係數。
Cities are also competitive places so people have to hustle to survive. Do we hustle, Catherine?
城市也是充滿競爭的地方，人們必須拼命生活。我們拼嗎，凱薩琳？
I don’t think we hustle, Neil. Hustle means to work aggressively to make money.
我覺得我們不拼。Hustle是指為了賺錢有闖勁的工作。
We do have plenty of time for chitchat, though. And chitchat, by the way, means unimportant conversation. That’s what we do!
但我們有很多時間閒聊。閒聊是指不重要的對話。我們就是這麼做的！
What we do isn’t chitchat, Neil! It’s highly informative and instructional! Now, I think it must be time to hear the answer to today’s quiz. Do you remember, I asked: when we have a positive interaction with someone, our body releases a chemical. What’s the name of this chemical ? Is it…a) melatonin? b) oxytocin? Or c) thyroxin?
我們做的不是閒聊，尼爾！我們的談話具有高度的教育性和指導性！現在是時候聽今天問題的答案了。你還記得嗎，我的問題時，當我們跟他人積極互動時，我們的身體會釋放一種化學物質。這種化學物質叫什麼？a) 褪黑素？ b) 催產素？還是 c) 甲狀腺素？
And it’s a) melatonin – I’m absolutely sure.
我很確定是a) 褪黑素。
Sorry! The correct answer is b) oxytocin – a hormone commonly known as the love drug. It reduces fear, increases trust between people, and evokes feelings of contentment.
不好意思！正確答案是 b) 催產素，一種荷爾蒙，通常被稱為愛情靈藥。它會減少恐懼，增加人們之間的信任，激發人們滿意的感覺。
Now, here are the words we learned today:
我們來看看今天學到的單詞。
hyper vigilance 異常警惕
insular 孤立的
claustrophobic 幽閉恐懼症的
nosey 多管閒事的
quotient 係數
hustle 奔忙
chitchat 閒聊
That’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期再會！
Bye!
再見！
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