字神帝國英語天地

 
 今日主題：Vocal Cords Bioengineered from Starter Cells  人工聲帶
 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2015/20151209sa_health.mp3
 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
 中英文稿：
“Voice is generated by a complex and beautiful biological system, and this is a system that allows all of us to communicate messages, concepts, and emotions.”
“聲音是由負責而美麗的器官系統產生的，該系統能讓我們交流信息、想法和情感。”

Nathan Welham, of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. But a person can lose his or her voice because of severe damage to the vocal cords, also called the vocal fold mucosa.
Nathan Welham，來自於威斯康辛大學醫學與公共衛生學院，講述了上述言論。但是，由於聲帶受損，也稱為聲襞粘膜受損，可導致人們失聲。

“In these situations, where the vocal fold mucosa is severely damaged or missing and with present technology unfixable, the best option may be to simply replace it.”
“在這種情況下，聲帶粘膜受到嚴重損害，或者缺失，但是現代技術部能修復受損的聲帶，那麼最好的選擇可能就是替換受損的聲帶。”

Welham spoke at a telephone press conference on November 17th in conjunction with the announcement that he and colleagues had succeeded in generating bioengineered vocal fold mucosa that were capable of producing sound—a first step toward implants one day. Their study is in the journal Science.
在11月17日舉行的電話新聞發布會上，Welham發表講話，並發表講話，稱自己與同事們已經成功研發了能夠發聲的生物工程聲襞粘膜——邁出了未來植入聲襞粘膜的第一步。此研究成果發表在《科學》雜誌上。

The research team started with vocal cord tissue from a cadaver and from four patients who had their voice boxes removed. They took cells from those tissue samples and successfully grew them on a three-dimensional scaffold to produce new vocal cords.
研究團隊從聲帶組織開始研究。這些聲帶組織來自屍體以及四名將自己喉頭切除的病患。研究人員從這些組織樣本中採取細胞，並成功在三維支架中培養這些細胞，培育出了新的聲帶。

So how do the lab-grown vocal cords actually sound?
但是這些實驗室的聲帶是如何發聲的呢?

“We did some functional testing where a larynx is mounted on a lab bench, put on a fake windpipe, and hot warm humidified air just like in the body is blown through and sets the vocal folds into vibration, but they vibrate and generate sound just into the atmosphere.
“對此，我們做了一些功能性測試，將喉頭安裝在實驗室平台上，並安裝一個假氣管，在氣管內充入溫暖濕潤的空氣，就像體內的氣體流過，使聲帶振動，但是，振動和產生的聲音只能釋放到空氣中”

And so the sound is quite different than what is coming out of my mouth at present…without the vocal track, sounds a little bit like a kazoo, kind of robotic sounding like Eeeeee…but that's how it should sound in this context.”
所以聲音和我們現在嘴裡發出的聲音十分不同，沒有氣管作為媒介，發出的聲音聽起來就像卡祖笛，一種就像Eeee這樣的機械發聲，但是這也正是它在當前這種條件下應該發出的聲音。

Should bioengineered vocal cords someday be implanted into a human patient, the sound would be far different, due to the other structures present. More natural. More like what you've just been listening to.
生物工程聲帶未來是否會移植到病患體內呢，那時產生的聲音應該是十分不同的，因為會有其他結構存在。那時的聲音會更加自然呢!聽起來更像你現在正傾聽的聲音。