字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Opioid Epidemic Gets Treatment Prescription  嗑藥是種流行病

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160310sa_health.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
“We’ve been dealing with an epidemic in the United States related to opioids.” Wilson Compton, deputy director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health. He spoke February 12th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C. “What we’ve seen is that the increased number of prescriptions are driving the nonmedical use of prescription drugs.” Drugs that are prescribed to treat pain.
在美國，我們已經在治療和鴉片有關的流行病。美國國家健康研究會國家藥物濫用研究會副主席，Wilson Compton，於2月12日在華盛頓舉行的美國科學進步協會年度會議上發表講話。我們已經看到越來越多的處方藥被用作非醫療用途。這些藥物是用於治療疼痛的。

“So there’s tremendous availability of prescriptions. There are some 260 million prescriptions written in each year for opioids. That’s not tablets, that’s prescriptions. So it’s millions and millions of these and some of them are available for diversion and use inappropriately.”
所以很多處方都可以被利用。每年含有鴉片的處方大約有2.6億張。這些可不是藥片，這些是處方哦。所以有更多的藥片大部分都被用於消遣娛樂以及其它非正常用途。

Some of the pain patients may become hooked. Or their meds may find their way to friends or relatives who take them recreationally. Or aprescription opioid user may transition to heroin.“Heroin is just another opioid drug, so the brain doesn’t distinguish whether it comes from a pharmacy or from a street drug dealer....
有些疼痛患者也許就上癮了。或者他們的藥流向了朋友或者親屬被用作娛樂。再或者處方藥鴉片使用者也許轉而使用了海洛因。海洛因只是鴉片類藥物的另一種形態，所以大腦並不會刻意區分它來自於藥房還是街頭小販。

“What’s been drawing the most public health attention is the overdose death rates related to prescription opioids and heroin, which have increased markedly over the last 15 years. Right now we see drug overdoses killing nearly 50,000 persons in a given year in the United States….”
由於過量使用處方類鴉片和海洛因導致死亡已經引起公眾健康關注，最近15年上述原因導致的死亡率已經顯著增加。目前，在美國，一年因過量使用此類藥物而死亡的人數就接近5萬人。

“What are we doing about this? We’ve focusing in three areas. We need to think about prevention in terms of reducing access to prescriptions as the ultimate upstream driver of this epidemic. We need to be thinking in terms of saving lives acutely by providing greater access to the reversing drug—this is naloxone--that blocks the impact. So if somebody’s overdosed and they’re not breathing and I can get this medication to them quickly, I can resuscitate them. That gives us a chance to help them turn their lives around with the third aspect, which is greater access to effective treatment, through medication-assisted treatment….
我們該做些什麼呢? 我們已經著重於以下三方面。我們需要去阻止，減少處方藥的獲得機會，因為最終是開出的處方藥導致這種流行病的出現。我們需要思考，通過更有利的使用應對藥 物及時拯救生命——比如納洛酮，烯丙羥嗎啡酮(一種嗎啡拮抗藥)——用於阻斷鴉片的藥性。所以，如果有人用藥過量後呼吸停止了，若我們能及時應用這種藥物 去治療他們，就能救活他們。這就給我們機會去幫助他們，由此可以引出第三個方面，那就是通過藥物輔助治療的方法實施更有效率的治療。

“But we also think we need to come up with better approaches for treating pain. What are non-medical approaches that might use brain stimulation techniques, for example, to treat pain? What are other medications that don’t include the opioid system that might be useful? … These are the kinds of advances that science can bring us so that we can turn around this overdose epidemic that right now shows tremendous increases each year.”
但是我們還需要想出更好的治療疼痛的方法。用刺激大腦的技術等非藥物的方法，去治療疼痛? 採用其它不含有鴉片相關化合物的藥物?這些科學進步的方法使我們能逆轉現在每年因藥物過度使用造成的流行病肆虐的局面。