一、基本規律 (Basic rules)
1.Indefinite article (不定冠詞)
我們用 "a , an "當我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個:
* is one of many. ( 是許多個中的一個)
He is an artist.(=there are many artists)
* is not unique. (不是唯一的)
I have just bought a book
* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒有提到過)
There was a new student in class today.
2.Definite article (定冠詞)
我們用 "the "當我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個:
* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的)
The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one)
I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case)
* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過)
The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single.
* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來的短語詳細說明)
What is the new student's name?
3. No articles (無冠詞)
我們不用冠詞當我們普遍地提及事物的時候:
* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用複數或不可數名詞時)
Do you like sport?
* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時候不用冠詞,但是地名有許多例外,下文一一介紹)
He is Professor Jones
4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短語)
有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞,我們應該來單獨學習,他們包括:
a few/at home/at work/at the beginning/at the end/go to bed/go to the cinemas,shops,station/in the world/once a week/sixty kilometres an hour/the next/the other the other day/the same
二、 經常發生問題的區域 (Areas that often cause problems)
1.Jobs (工作)如果有許多人做這個工作我們用 a 或 an
My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects)
但是如果一個工作特別對應一個人,我們就要用“the”了:
He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長). (=there is only one)
2.Superlative (最高級)
我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級前面:
She is the best person for the job.
3.Last and next
有一些形容詞如 “last” 和 “next ”同時可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會發生變化
I saw James last night. (=the one before this one)
It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one)
I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)
4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital和以上機構連用時我們不用定冠詞“the”
My sister had to stay in hospital overnight.
然而,如果我們指的是這個建築,我們就要用“the”
Our flat is opposite the hospital.
三 在表示時間和地點的短語中用或不用定冠詞 (phrases of time and place)
1.Phrases of time 有些時間短語必須用“the”
Dates: the 25th of December / December the 25th
Parts of the day: in the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning ( but at night, at lunchtime)
Decades or Centuries: the 1980s, the 21st century
另外一些時間短語不用“the”
Years or Seasons: in 2002, in summer
Months or Days: in August, on Friday, see you tomorrow
2.Place names
國家,大洲,島嶼,洲,省,城市前不加“the”(countries, continents, islands, states, provinces, town, cities)in Asia, to Sydney from Texas in Turkey in Britain in America
例外情況:the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, the Arab World (可以發現國家名作為縮寫的話要加“the”)
如果我們指的是一個地區(region)那麼我們不需要用“the”:North-west Inida, Northern Europe.
但是如果我們指的是對於一個地區的方位或方向就要加上“the”:in the east of the country, in the south of Italy, on the coast
大多數路,街,公園,橋樑,商店,酒店不用加“the”(raods, streets, parks, bridges, shops, restaurants):Central Park, Oxford Street, Tower Bridge
但是有命名的劇院,電影院,旅館,畫廊,博物館加“the”(names of theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries, museums):the Hermitage, the National Theatre, the Odeon, the Ritz 特別的山和湖不加“the”
Lake Victoria, Mount Everest山脈,河流,海洋,運河要加“the”:the Atlantic, the Yangtze River, the Himalayas, the Panama Canal
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