字神帝國英語天地

這篇聽寫時，不要讓爸媽看到~~他們會難過的。

 今日主題：Big Parental Control May Stunt Kid Assertiveness
家長過度控制或阻礙孩子建立自信

 托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
非常適合托福、TOEFL、iBT、雅思同學加強聽力用哦！！

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2014/20141111sa_mind.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

✿ 中英文稿：
Domineering parents may keep kids under their thumb to try to protect the kids from the perils of peer pressure. But this approach may backfire and actually make kids more susceptible to going with the crowd. So finds a study in the journal Child Development. [Barbara A. Oudekerk et al, The Cascading Development of Autonomy and Relatedness From Adolescence to Adulthood]
專橫的父母可能會將孩子緊緊護於羽翼之下，使其免受來自同輩的壓力。但實際上這種方法可能適得其反,會讓孩子更容易受影響而隨波逐流。《兒童發展》雜誌的一項研究也有此發現。【芭芭拉等：自主權和人際關係從青春期到成年的級聯發展】

Psychologists got baseline information through interviews with 184 13-year-olds. The researchers learned about their parents' control tactics—such as using guilt to manipulate behavior—and watched how the kids dealt with a difference of opinion or argument with a friend.
心理學家通過採訪184位13歲青少年得出了基準信息。研究人員瞭解了他們父母的控制策略——例如：利用內疚感來操縱孩子的行為、觀察孩子們如何處理與朋友的不同意見或觀點。

Years passed. Then the researchers followed up with the study participants when they were 18 and again when they reached 21. Of particular interest were interactions with a peer or romantic partner.
時光飛逝，研究人員在被採訪者18歲和21歲時跟進了此項調查。尤其對他們與同事或戀人之間的互動很感興趣。

The now young adults who'd had highly controlling parents were less able to stress their own viewpoints to a friend or partner in confident and productive ways. And the effects of that inability increased over time: poor relationship skills in an 18-year-old predicted further deficits at 21.
在這批新晉青年中，那些擁有高度專橫父母的人不太能通過自信而有效的方式向朋友或夥伴強調自己的觀點。而這種無能力的影響會隨著時間而增長：18歲時處理人際關係的能力較差，21歲時人際關係能力更加不足。

Seems that resisting parental control may be how kids learn to assert themselves, an important skill for healthy future relationships.
這樣看起來，抵制家長控制可能是孩子學習維護自我的方式，也是他們未來健康地處理人際關係的一項重要能力。