今日主題：Do you think for yourself? 你是獨立思考的人嗎？
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC 康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1035.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Sophie…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是蘇菲。
And I’m Neil… Here’s your coffee, Sophie.
我是尼爾。蘇菲，你的咖啡。
Neil – remember that staff meeting we had yesterday? Why did you agree to having decaff coffee in the kitchen when I know you don’t like it… and neither do I!
尼爾，還記得昨天的員工大會嗎？你怎麼同意廚房使用低因咖啡呢，我知道你不喜歡，我也不喜歡！
I know. It’s just that the boss said that decaffeinated coffee– that’s coffee with the caffeine removed – was a good idea, healthier, you know. And then everyone else agreed. And I… I don’t know… I just felt uncomfortable disagreeing with everyone.
我知道。只是老闆說低因咖啡，也就是不帶咖啡因的咖啡，非常好，更健康。其他每個人都同意了啊。我不知道。我只是覺得反對大家的意見不好。
Well, it’s interesting you should say that, Neil.Groupthink is the subject of today’s show. Groupthink refers to the type of bad decisions we make when we are in a group.Decisions that are contrary to – or against – what we really think. A psychology experiment conducted in the 1950s showed that a lot of people do exactly that – they submit to the will of the group.
你說得真有意思。趨同思維是今天節目的主題。趨同思維是指我們身處團隊所做的錯誤決定。所做的決定與我們真實的想法相悖。20世紀50年代進行的一項心理研究顯示，許多人在團隊中都會這樣，屈服於團隊的意志。
But before we hear more about this, now would be a good time for today’s quiz question. And I get to ask you, Sophie!
但是在繼續討論前，我們先回答今天的問題。輪到我問你了，蘇菲！
OK. What is it?
好的。問題是什麼？
In which story by Hans Christian Andersen does a young boy dare to tell the truth when everyone else goes along with an obvious lie? Is it…a) The Red Shoes b) The Snow Queen Or c) The Emperor’s New Clothes
在安徒生的哪個故事裡，當其他人不敢戳穿一個明顯的謊言時，一個小男孩勇敢地說了真話？a) 《紅色舞鞋》b) 《冰雪女王》還是c) 《國王的新衣》
OK… I think it’s c) The Emperor’s New Clothes.
我覺得是c)《國王的新衣》。
Well, we’ll find out later on in the show if that’s right or not. Now, the psychologist Solomon Asch is well known for his conformity experiments from the 1950s.Can you tell us what ‘conformity’ means please, Sophie?
好的，之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。心理學家Solomon Asch因為20世紀50年代的從眾實驗而聞名於世。蘇菲你能告訴我們“從眾”是什麼意思嗎？
Conformity means behaviour that is the same as the way most other people behave. Asch’s main finding was that group pressure can change a person’s opinion, of even obvious facts.
從眾是指與其他人保持相同的舉止行為。Asch的主要發現是團隊壓力會改變一個人的判斷，甚至是對一個明顯事實的想法。
And what did this Asch test involve?
Asch實驗包含什麼內容？
123 male participants were shown a card with a line on it, followed by another card with three lines on it. The participants were then asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length. The right answer was plain to see, but the participants felt pressurized into saying the wrong answer.
研究人員給123名男性參與者看了一張畫有一條線的卡片，之後又給他們看了畫有三條線的卡片。這些參與者需要回答哪一條線與第一張卡片上的線一樣長。正確答案顯而易見，但是參與者在壓力下會選擇錯誤答案。
Why would they do that?
為什麼會這樣呢？
Because the majority of people taking part in the experiment had been told to give the wrong answer. Let’s hear Professor Nick Chater’s explanation. He works at the Warwick Business School here in the UK.
因為大多數人被告知要選擇錯誤答案。我們聽聽Nick Chater教授的解釋。他是英國華威商學院的教授。
By the time it comes to you a whole list of people have said something plainly wrongand you are either going to have to fold and say, ’well, I just agree with them’ or you’re going to rather uncomfortably say, ’well, I think it’s one actually’. And most people, most of the time, tend to fold.
到了你選的時候，大多數人都選擇了明顯錯誤的答案，你是選擇妥協，說“我同意他們”，還是心裡不舒服但還說“好吧，我覺得這個才是正確的。”而大多數人，大多數時候，都趨向於妥協。
Professor Nick Chater. He uses the word fold, which means you give up.But, Sophie, if people are uncomfortable about supporting the wrong answer, or something they don’t believe in, why do they do it?
上述是Nick Chater教授的講話。他提到妥協，是放棄的意思。但是蘇菲，如果人們支援錯誤的觀點或他們不相信的觀點時，心裡感到不舒服，他們為什麼還這麼做呢？
Because even though we feel uncomfortable going along with – or agreeing with – something we don’t believe, we’re even more uncomfortable about disagreeing with the group.
因為即便我們支持不相信的觀點時會感到不舒服，但是如果與團隊意見向左會令我們更不舒服。
Well, I didn’t realize that people were such sheep. I have a will of steel, Sophie.
沒想到大家這麼膽小。我可是有鋼鐵意志的人。
Is that right? So, your will of steel – or strong determination – somehow melted away in the staff meeting yesterday, I suppose?
是嗎？那你的鋼鐵意志昨天在員工大會上是融化了吧？
Oh well… of course… yes…
額，好吧，沒錯……
Let’s move on and consider briefly how social media encourages groupthink.
我們繼續說，來簡單思考一下社交媒體如果鼓勵趨同思維。
Yes, there’s a real danger with something like, for example, the Twitter – the social networking service. Because when an opinion on Twitter starts to “trend”, it can take on a momentum of its own, and people adopt it simply because it’s popular, not because they really believe it.
沒錯，使用像推特這類的社交媒體有一定風險。因為一個想法一旦在推特上開始“流行”，就會形成一種勢頭，人們會因為它很有名而簡單地接受這個觀點，而非真正相信。
And momentum means a force that keeps something going once it has started. Let’s hear from journalist and author, Jon Ronson. He has an interesting opinion about this.
勢頭是指一種驅動力，推動事物一直發展。我們聽聽記者兼作家的Jon Ronson的看法。針對社交媒體，他有一個很有趣的觀點。
One of the ironies here is that on social media we all like to see ourselves as nonconformists but when we all get together in a group what we’re doing is using our individual nonconformity to create a more conformist world. So if somebody steps out of line, all us nonconformists, in this frightened conformist way, tear them apart. It’s like we’re defining the boundaries of normality by tearing apart the people on the outside.
有一點諷刺的是在社交媒體上，我們都喜歡將自己視為“不從眾者”，但當我們在一個集體時，我們這些不從眾者創建的是一個更加趨同的世界。所以，如果有人步 調不一致，我們這些“不從眾者”就會用令人恐懼的從眾者的方式，將其撕碎。這就像是我們用剷除異己的方式為“常態”下定義。
Jon Ronson. Are you a nonconformist then, Neil– someone who thinks and behaves differently from other people?
上述是Jon Ronson的看法。你是不從眾者嗎？就是想法和舉止與他人不同的人。
I’m not the type that Jon Ronson is describing– one who joins up with other so-called nonconformists to bully people with different views. Now remember I asked you earlier: In which story by Hans Christian Andersen does a young boy dare to tell the truth when everyone else goes along with an obvious lie? Is it… a) The Red Shoes, b) The Snow Queen or c) The Emperor’s New Clothes?
我不是Jon Ronson所描述的那種人，與所謂的“不從眾者”聯合打壓異己。現在還記得我之前問你的問題嗎？在安徒生的哪個故事裡，當其他人不敢戳穿一個明顯的謊言時，一個小男孩勇敢地說了真話？a) 《紅色舞鞋》b) 《冰雪女王》還是c) 《國王的新衣》
I guessed c) The Emperor’s New Clothes.
我猜是c) 《國王的新衣》。
And you were right, Sophie! The Emperor’s New Clothes is a story by Hans Christian Andersen about two weavers who promise an emperor a new suit of clothes that is invisible to those who are stupid or incompetent. No one dares to say that he doesn’t see any suit of clothesuntil a child cries out, “But he isn’t wearing anything at all!”
你答對了，蘇菲！《國王的新衣》是安徒生所寫故事之一，講述兩個裁縫承諾給國王做一套新衣服，愚蠢或無能的人是無法看到這件衣服的。沒有人敢說他看不到任何一件衣服，直到一個小孩大喊：“他根本什麼都沒穿！”
It’s a great story – and a lesson to us all. Now can we hear the words we learned today please?
這是個很棒的故事，也給我們所有人上了一課。現在我們再來聽聽今天學到的單詞吧？
They are:
今天學到的單詞有：
decaffeinated
不含咖啡因的
groupthink
趨同思維
contrary to
與……相反
conformity
從眾
fold
妥協
going along with
支持
will of steel
鋼鐵意志
momentum
勢頭
nonconformist
不從眾者
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
好了，今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。別忘了下期再會！
Bye.
再見！
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