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  今日主題：Presidential libraries-- Style and guile  總統圖書館--風格與騙局

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中英文稿：
Presidential libraries-- Style and guile
總統圖書館--風格與騙局

The search for a home for Mr Obama's library and museum has begun
為奧巴馬圖書館和博物館找家的工作已經展開

“AT THEIR best, they are lively classrooms of democracy,” says Richard Norton Smith, a historian who specialises in presidential libraries. They are also something of a misnomer. People who wander in expecting to borrow “The Cat in the Hat” tend to find instead a museum, a replica of the Oval Office and many floors of documents.
“在它們的歷史最好時期，是民主制度的活教室，”Richard Norton Smith說，他是專門研究總統圖書館的歷史學家。這些“圖書館”也是用詞不當的產物。那些漫步而進想借本《帽子裡的貓》的人們會發現這其實是家博物館，仿造了總統辦公室，有很多檔。

Last week the Barack Obama Foundation invited applications from institutions interested in giving room to the 14th presidential library. Marty Nesbitt, a member of the foundation board and a friend of the Obamas, says a shortlist of sites will be presented to Mr and Mrs Obama early next year. The foundation wants to create an institution that reflects the commander-in-chief's values and priorities, as well as serving as a “force for good in the surrounding community”.
上周，奧巴馬基金會邀請一些機構，這些機構對為14屆總統圖書館騰出空間很感興趣。作為基金會董事會的一員同時也是奧巴馬家族朋友的Marty Nesbitt說，這些網站的最終候選人名單將會在明年上半年呈給奧巴馬夫婦。基金會想要衍生一個選項能映射出三軍統帥的價值和地位，同時也能起到一個 “在周邊國家中帶好頭的力量”。

ColumbiaUniversityinNew York, the president's alma mater, is preparing a bid. So too is his birth state ofHawaii. ButChicago, with its strong Obama ties, is assumed to be the front-runner. Mr Obama worked as a community organiser in the South Side, represented the area as a state senator, and was on the faculty of the University of Chicago for 12 years. A number of institutions are vying to make a bid inChicago, well aware that presidential libraries can spur the local economy. Susan Sher, a former chief of staff to Michelle Obama who is coordinating the University of Chicago's bid, says a number of sites in the South Side, including Bronzeville, are being considered.
紐約的哥倫比亞大學是總統的母校，他們也在做這方面競標努力。他的出生地夏威夷州也同樣在努力。但是芝加哥，奧巴馬的鐵杆基地，被認可為領跑者。奧巴馬還在South Side區時的工作時團體組織者，是這一地區的州議員，並且曾在芝加哥大學當了12年的職員。

The money needed to build the library—possibly about $500m—will be raised by the foundation. This will include an endowment to cover some of the maintenance costs. The rest will come from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) which is charged with running all the presidential libraries at an annual cost of $70m.
這個圖書館的建立可能需要5億美金，將由基金會募集。這裡面也包含有覆蓋維護費用的捐款。剩餘的將會由國家檔案記錄管理委員會（NARA）提供，這個組織負責運營所有總統圖書館，每年花銷7000萬美元。

Last year a mere 10,600 scholars used the libraries. By contrast 730,000 people attended public and educational programmes there, and 2.4m people visited the associated museums. Ronald Reagan's library in Simi, California was the most visited in 2013, with some 425,000 trooping in to see, among other things, his Air Force One. Online visits are more numerous and growing rapidly. Every library seems to be bigger than the last, but then records and artefacts are accumulating at an ever-faster clip. Herbert Hoover's library stores 500 gifts; Dwight Eisenhower's, 25,000; that of Bill Clinton (a man of appetites), more than 150,000.
去年，將近10,600位學者使用過圖書館。與之對比，有730,000人參加了那裡的公共與教育活動項目，有240萬人參觀了相關圖書館。位於加州西米市的羅奈爾得•雷根圖書館在2013年大熱，相比於其他物品，他的空軍一號最熱，有425,000人去參觀。

Since presidents usually live for decades after they leave office, the library becomes a tool for defining—cynics would say, polishing—their legacy. But they also try to continue the work of a president. The Obama Foundation hopes his library will be “the most connected, interactive presidential library in history”. Until the next even-more-wired president, that is.
因為總統們通常在退休後還會生活數十年，圖書館就成了定義的工具——這也就是評論家口中常說的，讓他們的遺產發光發亮。但是基金會也嘗試讓圖書館還繼續履 行總統職責。奧巴馬基金會希望他的圖書館成為“歷史上最具活力，最有親和力的總統圖書館”。即使到了下一位更令人振奮的總統上任，它依舊不變。

In the long term, the libraries are most useful for the access they offer to presidential documents, which tell the true story of the man and his times. But it seems that attention to the flashier, exhibition side of things is detracting from NARA's real work: making documents available for public release. Fully 40% of NARA's text holdings have not been processed. And they have plenty to reveal. Eisenhower, for example—says Mr Smith—was widely known in his time as a “genial duffer”. When the papers in his library were examined he was seen as far more sophisticated, even ruthless: “Behind the smile was guile.”
從長遠來看，這些圖書館最有用的地方在於它們許可參觀總統檔，這寫檔闡述了總統和他的時代最真實的故事。但是似乎看起來這些高漲的公眾熱情會被NARA的 實際展出的物品所降低：可供公眾閱讀文件的程度。NARA 40%的儲存文本從未被展出。並且它們中有很多爆點。Smith說，例如，艾森豪，在那個時代是個廣為人知的“親和的小二貨”。當時從他圖書館裡查閱的檔 看來，他其實比看起來城府深得多，甚至是殘忍：“笑裡藏刀。”