字神帝國英語天地

👑字神老師推薦：加強英聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
👑康康精選各考試中重要主題，堅持精聽一定會進步的哦!
👑今日主題：Antievolution Legislation Shows Descent with Modification / 反進化論立法揭示修正法案意向下降

🍄建議堅聽四步驟：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

🍄MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
https://bit.ly/2JKcj3n

🍄只有音檔怎夠，有聽不懂地方，不用怕，老師都幫你準備好中英文稿了哦：
🍄中英文稿：
“Creationism evolves and sometimes those new strategies succeed.”
“創世論得到發展，有時候，是新的策略取得的成就。”
Nicholas Matzke, an evolutionary biologist currently on a fellowship at the Australian National University in Canberra.
Nicholas Matzke是坎培拉澳大利亞國立大學資助的一位進化物理學家。
“So I think a lot of people, it might not have been on their radar, that we have two states that have a statewide policy that encourages teachers to introduce sort-of false criticisms of evolution…and it also more explicitly tries to prevent administrators from doing anything about it.”

“我認為許多人，可能還不知道，我們有兩個州有政策鼓勵教師引入對進化論錯誤批評的概念，...儘管非常明顯，立法阻止管理人員這樣做。”
Those states are Tennessee and Louisiana. Matzke used to work for the National Center for Science Education, the NCSE, which tracks these legislative efforts to get religiously motivated creationism and its thinly disguised offshoots like Intelligent Design into public school classrooms.
這兩個州是路易安那州和田納西州。Matzke過去在國家科學教育中心NCSE工作，NCSE跟蹤記錄宗教神創論的立法實施過程，以及其分支，例如公立教室學校的智慧設計。
Matzke and the NCSE were involved in the Kitzmiller versus Dover case in Pennsylvania in which the judge found the inclusion of Intelligent Design in the biology curriculum to be a violation of the First Amendment. December 20th marks the 10th anniversary of that decision. But dozens of similar bills that do not explicitly mention creationism or intelligent design have been proposed since.
Matzke和NCSE參與了賓夕法尼亞州的奇茲米勒訴多佛學區案，法官判定生物課程引入智慧設計違反了美國憲法第一修正案。12月20日，是這一決定的10週年紀念日，但是數十個類似的法案，並沒有明顯提及神創論或者智慧設計。
“Over the years I’d kept in touch with NCSE people and we had always talked about, you know, these bills look like they’re just being copied and modified, we should do a phylogeny at some point—do an evolutionary analysis of them…so it had gotten up to being about 60 bills…
這些年，我一直和NCSE的同事保持聯繫，我們總是會談論，這些法案就複製，然後修改。我們應該做一個發展史—對這些法案進行進化分析—現在已經有60個類似的法案了....
I took all those bills, lined up all those texts, coded all the characteristics, all the variations between these texts, and then ran them through the standard phylogenetic analyses that we use for DNA. We use them for dinosaurs, they get used to study virus evolution. Those same programs can be used on texts that have been copied and modified.”
我仔細看了這些法案，將所有的內容逐行分析，編碼其特徵，並總結這些文本之間的差別，然後利用DNA使用的標準同源分析流覽這些法案。我們使用這些方法研究恐龍、研究病毒進化。同樣的程式可用於複製修改的文本。
Matzke’s tongue in cheek, or rather panda’s thumb in a creationist’s eye, analysis is in the journal Science.
Matzke的玩笑，或者在神創論者眼裡《熊貓的拇指：自然史沉思錄》，該研究結果發表在《科學》雜誌上。
It reveals a high degree of relatedness among the bills—that is, legislators make slight alterations in bills either from their own state or other states in the hopes that this time the particular wording will get the bill passed.
研究結果揭示了法案之間高度的相關性—也就是說，立法者僅是對本州或其他州的法案做了輕微的改動，希望這次這種特殊的措辭可以讓法案通過。
“With the phylogenetic analysis we can tell when do these steps happen and how influential are they on future antievolution legislation…so it’s worth alerting people to the fact that these bills exist and alerting people to how these strategies change through time.”
通過同源分析，我們可以判定，這些舉措發生的時間以及其對未來反創世論立法的影響...所以，需要警示人們這些法案是存在的，並提醒人們，隨著時間的推移，這些策略將如何變化。
原文出處: https://bit.ly/2jHGjgE