字神帝國英語天地

數量的範圍是邏輯題常考題型，尤其是MUST BE問題，常加入混淆答案唷。下面例題是LSAT的題目，同學們可先試著進行分析，再看公佈答案及解釋～

The importance of the ozone layer to terrestrial animals is that it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through. Holes in the ozone layer and the dangers associated with these holes are well documented. However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.
Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true.

A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact.
B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer
C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight
D). A single wavelength of sunlight can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals
E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not,
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分析部分：
A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact.錯的原因：All wavelengths 太strong。原文只知完好的臭氧層濾掉一部分光，讓一部分通過，並說通過的那部分對很多動物有害。從這點很容易誤認有害的都給濾掉了。其實原文沒說是否那通過的一部分是否含有有害波長。所以錯。
原文問：is most strongly supported by the statements above，如果問哪個選項support 結論。A應該是個好選項。非常strong!但是因為是被原文支援，選項不能超越原文提供的範圍：some wavelengths 不能推出all wavelengths，所以A錯了。

B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer錯的原因：原文只說有HOLE可能會使很多動物受傷害，從這點也許可以推出有動物生活在受HOLE威脅的地方，但原文沒說有沒有動物生活在不受HOLE威脅的地方，故錯。

C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight錯的原因：有些人容易選這個，因為原文最後一句話說HOLE會傷害很多動物的眼睛，就是說很多動物的眼睛會受傷害，既然有很多的眼睛受傷害，就有不受傷害的。錯。關鍵是理解原文最後一句話的many。其實相當於some ，表達的是有的概念，就是可以是1-100。相對或取非的概念為NONE。就是說它們可以包括全部100。所以有可能全部動物眼睛都會受HOLE傷害。即C可能對，也可能不對，不是MUST BE TRUE。故錯。
我覺得這裡不是some的原因，而是全文說could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.，由於是答案被原文支持，所以答案一定不能超越原文的界限，因為原文為嚴重傷害很多種類的眼睛，我們只能得到　：有些種類的眼睛沒有被嚴重的傷害　可以做絕對正確的推論，但是說有些種類的眼睛根本沒有被傷害　就不能是mustberight的選項了。所以該選項不能成為正確選項。

D). A single wavelength of sunlight can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals錯的原因：也是容易選錯，因為原文的最後一句話加上中文對MANY和 MOST(都是很多)的理解。其實MOST(多數)是指51-100。MANY指1-100。所以不能從MANY推出MOST，從MOST倒可以推出MANY。即原文用MOST，D選項用MANY，則為答案。

E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not, 從原文最後兩句話可知完好的臭氧層濾掉了部分有害的光線，則說明有洞時，有害的光線更易到達地球。故對。

最後強調一點該問題雖然是MOST STRONGLY SUPPORTED，但不會出現兩個能從原文MUST BE得出的答案，因為該題歸為MUST BE TRUE題型，當然不存在支持的程度問題。