字神帝國英語天地

這篇超生活哦~~~
今日主題：Is knuckle cracking good for you? 掰指關節到底好不好

派老師推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1002.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Rob...
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是羅伯。
… and I'm Neil. Hello. (cracking knuckles)
我是尼爾，大家好。（掰指關節的聲音）
Don't do that please, Neil!It makes my flesh creep.
不要那樣，尼爾。這讓我感覺毛骨悚然。
Oh dear, if something makes your flesh creep it means you feel frightened or disgusted by something. I don't know why I do it. It just feels nice.
某件事讓你毛骨悚然是指讓你感到害怕或厭惡。我不知道自己為什麼這麼做。但是感覺很好。
But you'll end up with arthritis when you're older, you know.Arthritis is a disease that causes pain and swelling in joints of the body.
但是你老了會得關節炎的。關節炎會使全身關節疼痛腫脹。
That's an old wives' tale, Rob!And that means an old idea or belief that has no scientific support.
這是無稽之談。也就是說沒有科學依據的陳舊觀點。
OK, if you say so, Professor. And since you're in a scientific mood, how about answering today's quiz question.Which type of joint can you crack? Is it …a) fibrous?b) cartilaginous?Or c) synovial?
如果你這麼說，那麼教授，你這麼有科學頭腦，回答今天的問題吧。哪種類型的關節可以掰得咔咔作響？a) 纖維狀的?b) 軟骨的?c) 分泌滑液的?
OK, this professor isn't feeling too clever today.I'm going to have to take a guess and say, c) synovial.
今天本教授狀態不好。我猜一下，選c) 分泌滑液的關節。
OK. Well, we'll find out how smart you really are later on in the programme. Now let's listen to Greg Kawchuk, Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Alberta.Rehabilitation means the process of helping somebody get better from an illness or injury.
之後我們看你到底有多聰明。現在我們來聽聽阿爾伯塔大學康復醫學教授Greg Kawchuk的看法。康復是指幫助某人從疾病或受傷中恢復的過程。
We've recently been able to use some new technology through MRI imagingto see for the first time what is actually happening inside the joint when someone pops or cracks their knuckles. And because of that we're hopeful that we'll be able to start to ask questions about why is it that some people can do this and other people can't.
我們最近利用新技術，首次通過MRI（核磁共振成像）查看人們掰響指關節時，關節內部到底發生了什麼。源於此，我們有望回答為什麼有的人能夠掰響指關節，而有的人卻不能。
What does MRI stand for?
MRI是什麼？
It means Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Hospitals use this technology to produce an image of the inside of a person's body.
是指核磁共振成像。醫院利用這項技術可以查看人體內的情況。
So some people can't crack their knuckles.Can you, Rob?
所以有些人是不會掰指關節的。你會嗎，羅伯？
I don't know, and I'm not about to try.But it isn't just finger knuckles that crack – you can do it with your neck, back, knees, ankles and toes.
你會嗎，羅伯？不僅是指關節可以掰響，脖子，後背，膝關節，腳踝，腳趾都可以。
Professor Greg Kawchuk says that comparing people who crack their knuckles and people who don't might provide some insight – or understanding – into whose joints are healthier.
Greg Kawchuk教授表示，僅憑是能否掰響指關節，無法看出誰的關節更健康。
Sounds interesting.But what actually happens when you crack your knuckles, Neil?
聽上去很有意思。但是當你掰響指關節時，到底會發生什麼？
Well, when you stretch or bend your finger to pop the knuckle, you're making the bones of the joint pull apart… like this…(cracking knuckles)
當你伸展或彎曲手指，掰響指關節，就使得關節處的骨頭撕裂開，就像這樣（掰響指關節的聲音）。
Please don't do it again!
拜託別這樣了。
Well, it stretches the space around the joint and surrounding fluid and causes a decrease in pressure.As a result, gas dissolved in the fluid becomes less soluble – or less able to be dissolved – leading to the formation of bubbles.Now when you stretch the joint far enough, these bubbles burst, producing the 『pop' sound.
掰響指關節時，關節和周圍滑液的空間拉大，壓力減小。最終溶解在滑液中的氣體愈發不溶於液體，產生微小的氣泡。當你儘可能的伸展關節時，這些氣泡破裂，發出「砰」的響聲。
Ouch! Excellent – well, thanks for the biology demonstration there, Neil …
太奇妙了，多謝你這專業的生物學解釋。
Any time! Any time, Rob!Now let's hear from the professor again about the medical value of research into knuckle cracking.
不用謝，不用謝。我們再來聽聽教授對掰響指關節研究的醫學價值的看法。
When our engineering colleagues do this between two flat surfaces say of ceramic or porcelain… When they do this and they pull them apart quickly and there's a little bit of fluid in betweenthey can use electron microscopy to see there's been tremendous damage to the surfaces of the joints.But for some reason we don't see that in the human joint.There's something that makes it very resilient.
我的同事用兩個陶瓷平面來模擬這一現象，平面中間還有一些液體，他們快速的將兩個平面分開，然後使用電子顯微鏡來觀察這對關節平面造成的巨大損害。但是不知道基於什麼原因我們未能在人類關節上看到這一點。有什麼東西讓關節變得很有彈性。
Interesting stuff!So scientists have performed experiments to imitate what happens in a human joint when you crack your knuckles.And when you quickly pull apart a pair of ceramic – or clay – tiles with fluid between them, it causes a lot of damage to the surface of the tiles.
很有意思。科學家們進行模擬實驗，查看人類掰響指關節會發生什麼事。當人們迅速地將中間含有液體的兩塊陶瓷片分開時，陶瓷片表面受到了巨大損害。
So why don't human joints get damaged as well?
為什麼人類關節並未同樣受到損害呢？
Well, the scientists don't actually know.They can see the damage to the tiles using electron microscopy – that's a very powerful microscope.But it's not clear what makes the human joint so resilient to damage – and resilient in this context means returning to its original shape after being stretched or bent.
科學家們也不知道具體原因。他們用高倍數的電子顯微鏡觀察到瓷片的損傷。但是仍不清楚是什麼使得關節彈性加大免於損傷。這裡的彈性是指在拉伸彎曲過後恢復到以前的形狀。
Right. But with further research scientists may be able to find out – and then use this information to help people with joint problems.
沒錯，但是經過進一步的調查，科學家們也許會有所發現，利用這些信息幫助人們處理關節問題。
Or they could create synthetic – or man-made – materials which can withstand wear and tear better than current ones.Withstand means not be damaged by somethingand wear and tear means damage as a result of ordinary use.
或者他們能發明人造材料，比現在的關節更加經得住磨損。經得住是指不會因某物而損害，磨損是指在平常使用中收到損傷。
Can we have the answer to today's quiz question now, Rob?
現在該公佈之前問題的答案了吧？
Yes, of course.So which type of joint can you crack?Is it … a) fibrous? b) cartilaginous? Or c) synovial?
當然。哪種類型的關節可以掰得咔咔作響？a) 纖維狀的?b) 軟骨的?還是 c) 分泌滑液的?
And I said: c) synovial.
我選的是c) 分泌滑液的。
You are quite clever actually because you are right, or was it a good guess?
你確實很聰明，你回答對了。或者說猜的好？
It was a good guess.
確實是猜的好。
Well done! And synovial is the name for the fluid that surrounds this type of joint.
做的不錯。滑液是關節周圍的液體。
OK. So can we hear the words we learned today again?
好了，我們再來聽聽今天學到的單詞吧？
Of course. We heard:
今天聽到的單詞有：
make your flesh creep
毛骨悚然
arthritis
關節炎
an old wives' tale
無稽之談
rehabilitation
復原
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
核磁共振成像
insight
洞悉
soluble
可溶解的
ceramic
陶瓷的
resilient
有彈性的
synthetic
人造的
withstand
經得住
wear and tear
磨損